电子马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的多粒子干涉
Multiparticle interference in electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers
摘要：
我们从理论上研究电子马赫-曾德尔干涉仪建立从整数量子霍尔边缘状态，表明最近的实验结果可以理解的多粒子干涉效应。这些实验探测Aharonov-Bohm（AB）振荡在差分电导中的可见性，因为干涉仪被施加的偏压驱动而脱离平衡，发现可见性中的波瓣图案作为电压的函数。我们计算的可见度和相位的AB振荡在零温度下的电压的依赖关系，考虑到电子之间的长程相互作用在同一边缘的干涉仪在填充分数$ν=1$。我们通过玻色化得到了一个精确的解决方案，在该模型中，电子相互作用，只有当他们在干涉仪内。该解在量子点接触处的隧穿几率是非微扰的。结果与观测相当详细的传入接触的透明度是接近一半：在能见度与偏置电压的变化由一系列的波瓣的幅度减小，和AB条纹的相位几乎是恒定的波瓣内，但跳跃的$π$在能见度的最小值。此外，我们还讨论了在其他最近的治疗这个问题的近似的后果。我们还制定扰动理论的相互作用强度，并利用这一点来研究的重要性，不是内部的干涉仪。
英文摘要：
We study theoretically electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometers built from integer quantum Hall edge states, showing that the results of recent experiments can be understood in terms of multiparticle interference effects. These experiments probe the visibility of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations in differential conductance as an interferometer is driven out of equilibrium by an applied bias, finding a lobe pattern in visibility as a function of voltage. We calculate the dependence on voltage of the visibility and the phase of AB oscillations at zero temperature, taking into account long range interactions between electrons in the same edge for interferometers operating at a filling fraction $ν=1$. We obtain an exact solution via bosonization for models in which electrons interact only when they are inside the interferometer. This solution is non-perturbative in the tunneling probabilities at quantum point contacts. The results match observations in considerable detail provided the transparency of the incoming contact is close to one-half: the variation in visibility with bias voltage consists of a series of lobes of decreasing amplitude, and the phase of the AB-fringes is practically constant inside the lobes but jumps by $π$ at the minima of the visibility. We discuss in addition the consequences of approximations made in other recent treatments of this problem. We also formulate perturbation theory in the interaction strength and use this to study the importance of interactions that are not internal to the interferometer.
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