相对性原理与经典电动力学一致吗？走向物理理论的逻辑主义重建
Is the relativity principle consistent with classical electrodynamics? Towards a logico-empiricist reconstruction of a physical theory
摘要：
基本电动力学量的变换规则通常是从相对性原理（RP）适用于麦克斯韦电动力学的假设中推导出来的。这些推导留下了几个问题：（1）RP是电动力学现象的真正的自然规律吗？(2)至少，从RP导出的基本电动力学量的变换规则是正确的吗？(3)在一个单一的惯性参考系中，RP与电动力学定律一致吗？(4)至少，在一个单一的参照系中，导出的变换规则与电动力学定律一致吗？(1)和（2）是经验问题;我们将研究问题（3）和（4）。首先，我们将开发RP的形式主义。在第二部分中，我们将讨论基本量的运算定义。在本文的第三部分中，我们将证明适当的变换规则确实与通过假设协方差而得到的规则相同，并且协方差确实是满足的。问题（3）提出了一些概念性的问题，在电动力学中似乎没有令人满意的解决方案;因此，与普遍的观点相反，我们在标题中提出的问题没有明显的答案。
英文摘要：
The transformation rules for the basic electrodynamical quantities are routinely derived from the hypothesis that the relativity principle (RP) applies for Maxwell's electrodynamics. These derivations leave open several questions: (1) Is the RP a true law of nature for electrodynamical phenomena? (2) Are, at least, the transformation rules of the fundamental electrodynamical quantities, derived from the RP, true? (3) Is the RP consistent with the laws of electrodynamics in one single inertial frame of reference? (4) Are, at least, the derived transformation rules consistent with the laws of electrodynamics in one single frame of reference? (1) and (2) are empirical questions; we will investigate problems (3) and (4). First we will develop a formalism of the RP. In the second part, we will deal with the operational definitions of the fundamental quantities. In the third part of the paper we will show that the proper transformation rules are indeed identical with the ones obtained by presuming the covariance, and that the covariance is indeed satisfied. Problem (3) raises conceptual problems to which there seems no satisfactory solution in electrodynamics; thus, contrary to the widespread views, the question we asked in the title has no obvious answer.
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