We propose a new method to narrow the linewidth of entangled photons generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC). An internal Bragg grating is incorporated onto a nonlinear optical crystal waveguide. We study theoretically the spectral characteristics of SPDC under two Bragg grating structures. We show that using the Bragg grating with a midway pi-phase shifter, it is a promising way to generate narrow-line entangled photons.
A novel approach for a delay line interferometer (DLI) based purely on forward Bragg scattering is proposed. We have numerically and experimentally demonstrated that a Bragg grating can deliver the functionality of a DLI in its transmission mode along a single common interfering optical path, instead of the conventional DLI implementation with two interfering optical paths. As a proof of concept, a fiber Bragg grating has been designed and fabricated, showing the desired functionality in the transmission mode of the Bragg grating. The proposed "Bragg-DLI" approach is applicable to any kind of …
A means to calculate the multimodal spectral response of Bragg gratings in general non-circular multimode waveguides is proposed. To illustrate the power of the technique, the spectra of two Bragg temperature sensors are numerically calculated in which coupling between 100 modes considered. It is shown how the Bragg wavelength in multimode Bragg grating waveguides is affected by the number of modes and energy distribution among them. Good matching of the simulated spectrum of a multimode Bragg grating on a planar inverted rib waveguide to the measured spectrum is seen.
We report on an optical imaging design based on common-path off-axis digital holography, using a multiplexed volume Bragg grating. In the reported method, a reference optical wave is made by deflection and spatial filtering through a volume Bragg grating. This design has several advantages including simplicity, stability and robustness against misalignment.
Femtosecond laser writing is applied to form Bragg grating waveguides in the diamond bulk. Type II waveguides are integrated with a single pulse point-by-point periodic laser modification positioned towards the edge of the waveguide core. These photonic devices, operating in the telecommunications band, allow for simultaneous optical waveguiding and narrowband reflection from a 4th order grating. This fabrication technology opens the way towards advanced 3D photonic networks in diamond for a range of applications.
We realize a fiber Bragg grating InGaN based laser diode emitting at 400 nm and demonstrate its high coherency. Thanks to the fabrication of a narrow band fiber Bragg grating in the near-UV, we can reach single-mode and single-frequency regimes for the self-injection locked diode. The device exhibits 44 dB side-mode-suppression-ratio and mW output power. Detailed frequency noise analysis reveals sub-MHz integrated linewidth and 16 kHz intrinsic linewidth. Such a narrow linewidth laser diode in the near-UV domain with a compact and low-cost design could find applications whenever coherency and …
We introduce a new optical component - a rotated chirped volume Bragg grating (r-CBG) - that spatially resolves the spectrum of a normally incident light beam in a compact footprint and without the need for subsequent free-space propagation or collimation. Unlike conventional chirped Bragg volume gratings in which both the length and width of the device must be increased to increase the bandwidth, by rotating the Bragg structure we sever the link between the length and width of an r-CBG, leading to a significantly reduced device footprint for the same bandwidth. We fabricate and characterize s…
The integration of photonic sensors into microfluidic devices provides opportunities for dynamic measurement of chemical and physical properties of fluids in very small volumes. We previously reported on the use of commercially available Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) and on-chip silicon waveguides for temperature sensing. In this report, we demonstrate the integration of FBGs into easy-to-fabricate microfluidic devices and report on their sensitivity for temperature and pressure measurement in microliter volumes. These sensors present new routes to measurement in microfluidic applications such a…
Optical fibers typically confine light through total internal reflection or through photonic bandgaps. Here we show that light can be perfectly guided in optical fibers through a different mechanism based on bound states in the continuum (BICs). In fibers with periodic Bragg gratings, we predict bona fide BICs in pure-polarization modes, as well as quasi-BICs in hybrid-polarization modes. These guided modes exist robustly without the need for fine structural tuning, and they persist even with the very small grating index contrasts that are available in conventional fiber Bragg gratings. The su…
We find exact solutions describing bidirectional pulses propagating in fiber Bragg gratings. They are derived by solving the coupled-mode theory equations and are expressed in terms of products of modified Bessel functions with algebraic functions. Depending on the values of the two free parameters the general bidirectional X-wave solution can also take the form of a unidirectional pulse. We analyze the symmetries and the asymptotic properties of the solutions and also discuss about additional waveforms that are obtained by interference of more than one solutions. Depending on their parameters…
We propose an efficient method to determine the effective refractive index of step-index optical fibers from the visible to the mid-IR and thus allowing to infer their dispersive properties over a broad spectral range. The validity of the method, based on the writing of an array of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with known periods using the fs scanning phase mask technique, is first confirmed with a standard silica fiber, then applied to various fluoride glass fibers to determine their effective refractive index and dispersion over more than three octaves, i.e. from 550 to 4800 nm.
In recent years there has been considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors such as the Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) as an alternative to resistance thermometry. In this study we examine the thermal response of FBGs over the temperature range of 233 K to 393 K. We demonstrate, in a hermetically sealed dry Argon environment, that FBG devices show a quadratic dependence on temperature with expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of ~500 mK. Our measurements indicate that the combined measurement uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty in determining the peak center fitting and by therma…
We report a novel design of a compact wavelength add-drop multiplexer utilizing dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs). The DLSPPW-based configuration exploits routing properties of directional couplers and filtering abilities of Bragg gratings. We present practical realization of a 20-$μ$m-long device operating at telecom wavelengths that can reroute optical signals separated by approximately 70 nm in the wavelength band. We characterize the performance of the fabricated structures using scanning near-field optical microscopy as well as leakage-radiation microscopy a…
We present here the inscription of single-mode waveguides with Bragg gratings in sapphire. The waveguide Bragg gratings have a novel multi-layer depressed cladding design in the 1550 nm telecommunications waveband. The Bragg gratings have a narrow bandwidth (<0.5 nm) and have survived annealing at 1000°C. The structures are inscribed with femtosecond laser direct writing, using adaptive beam shaping with a non-immersion objective. A single-mode sapphire fiber Bragg grating is created by writing a waveguide with a Bragg grating within a 425 μm diameter sapphire optical fiber, providing signific…
Supercontinuum generation is an extensively studied and arguably the most important and all-encompassing nonlinear phenomenon. Yet, we do not have a good control over all the signals generated in this process. Usually a large part of an octave spanning spectrum has orders of magnitude too much weaker signal than the peak to be useful for any application. In this work we show strong signal generation within a supercontinuum using a silicon Bragg grating waveguide. We show up to 23 dB of signal enhancement over a 10 nm full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth at the Bragg resonance in the telecom wi…
Using the transfer matrix formalism, we study the transmission properties of a Bragg grating constructed from a layered axionic material. Such a material can be realized by a topological insulator subject to a time-symmetry breaking perturbation, such as an external magnetic field or surface magnetic impurities. Whilst the reflective properties of the structure are only negligibly changed by the presence of the axionic material, the grating induces a Faraday rotation and ellipticity in the transmitted light. We find that for TM polarized light incident on a 16 layer structure at 76 degrees to …
Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) are of great interest for on-chip nanophotonics due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Here, we propose and realize coupling of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers to circular Bragg grating structures to achieve enhanced emission. The interaction between WSe2 and the resonant mode of the structure results in Purcell-enhanced emission, while the symmetric geometrical structure improves the directionality of the out-coupling stream of emitted photons. Furthermore, this hybrid structure produces a record high contrast of the spin v…
The large transparency window of silicon, covering the 1.1 um 8 um wavelength range, makes it a promising platform for the implementation of photothermal-based absorption spectrometers. These devices indirectly sense absorption in the mid-infrared (MIR) by using near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, thereby enabling the realization of MIR absorption spectrometers without the need for MIR photodetectors. Nevertheless, due to their comparatively large index contrast and cross-sections, MIR Si strip waveguides are multi-mode at NIR wavelengths, hindering device implementation. Here we present, for the…
Topological photonic cavities based on dissimilar Bragg gratings
Universidad de Málaga（马拉加大学）；CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay（法国国家科学研究中心，巴黎萨克雷大学）；Adelaide University（阿德莱德大学）；National Research Council Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会）
The unique spectral behavior exhibited by a class of non-uniform Bragg periodic structures, namely chirped and apodized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) influenced by parity and time reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry, is presented. The interplay between the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry and nonuniformities brings exceptional functionalities in the broken $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric phase such as wavelength selective amplification and single-mode lasing for a wide range of variations in gain-loss. We observe that the device is no more passive and it undergoes a series of transitions from asymmetric reflecti…
Oblique Bragg-Doppler scattering at relativistic grating created by backward Raman amplification in hydrogen
Russell Centre for Advanced Lightwave Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics and Hangzhou Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所杭州分院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Microstructured Specialty Optical Fiber, Hangzhou Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics（浙江省微结构特种光纤重点实验室，中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所杭州分院）
