破缺平移对称性作为量子态约化模型
Broken Time Translation Symmetry as a model for Quantum State Reduction
摘要：
支配自然法则的对称性可以自发地被打破，从而使有序状态的出现成为可能。晶体产生于平移对称性的破缺，磁体产生于自旋旋转对称性的破缺，而大质量粒子则打破了相位旋转对称性。时间平移对称性也可以以完全相同的方式自发破缺。与这种形式的自发对称性破缺相关的秩序的特征在于量子态还原的出现：自发破缺时间平移对称性的系统充当理想的测量机器。在这篇评论中，时间平移对称性的破缺首先与空间平移和旋转等对称性的破缺进行了比较。然后讨论了如何打破时间平移对称性引起的过程中的量子态减少，它如何产生一个指针的基础，玻恩规则等比较后，这个模型和替代方法的问题，量子态减少，实验的影响和可能的测试打破时间平移对称性在现实的实验环境中进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
The symmetries that govern the laws of nature can be spontaneously broken, enabling the occurrence of ordered states. Crystals arise from the breaking of translation symmetry, magnets from broken spin rotation symmetry and massive particles break a phase rotation symmetry. Time translation symmetry can be spontaneously broken in exactly the same way. The order associated with this form of spontaneous symmetry breaking is characterised by the emergence of quantum state reduction: systems which spontaneously break time translation symmetry act as ideal measurement machines. In this review the breaking of time translation symmetry is first compared to that of other symmetries such as spatial translations and rotations. It is then discussed how broken time translation symmetry gives rise to the process of quantum state reduction and how it generates a pointer basis, Born's rule, etc. After a comparison between this model and alternative approaches to the problem of quantum state reduction, the experimental implications and possible tests of broken time translation symmetry in realistic experimental settings are discussed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
