物质波Turbulence：超越动力学标度
Matter Wave Turbulence: Beyond Kinetic Scaling
摘要：
本文研究了超冷玻色气体中远离热平衡的湍流标度现象。动力学演化的不动点由关联函数的普适标度指数表征。在量子场论的框架内，利用两粒子不可约有效作用量的非微扰近似，解析地确定了标度行为。虽然微扰Kolmogorov缩放恢复在较高的能量，缩放的解决方案，具有极大的指数出现在红外区的湍流光谱。在超冷原子气体中，长程关联的动量依赖性的显著增强可以在实验上实现。这样的实验有可能提供对动力学现象的深入了解，这些动力学现象也与当今的其他焦点领域直接相关，如重离子碰撞和早期宇宙学。
英文摘要：
Turbulent scaling phenomena are studied in an ultracold Bose gas away from thermal equilibrium. Fixed points of the dynamical evolution are characterized in terms of universal scaling exponents of correlation functions. The scaling behavior is determined analytically in the framework of quantum field theory, using a nonperturbative approximation of the two-particle irreducible effective action. While perturbative Kolmogorov scaling is recovered at higher energies, scaling solutions with anomalously large exponents arise in the infrared regime of the turbulence spectrum. The extraordinary enhancement in the momentum dependence of long-range correlations could be experimentally accessible in dilute ultracold atomic gases. Such experiments have the potential to provide insight into dynamical phenomena directly relevant also in other present-day focus areas like heavy-ion collisions and early-universe cosmology.
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