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arXiv 0912.3773cond-mat.quant-gas
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扁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中涡旋偶极子的观测

Observation of vortex dipoles in an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate

T. W. Neely, E. C. Samson, A. S. Bradley, M. J. Davis, B. P. Anderson

摘要:

我们报告的实验观察和数值模拟的形成,动力学和单和多电荷的量子化涡旋偶极子在高度扁圆的稀释气体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BECs)的寿命。我们成核对相反的电荷(涡偶极子)的涡迫使超流周围的排斥高斯障碍内的BEC。通过控制流速,我们确定了一个单一的涡旋偶极子的成核的临界速度,实验和数值计算结果之间具有良好的一致性。我们目前的测量涡偶极子动力学,发现相反的电荷的涡核可以存在许多秒,并在我们的高度扁圆形陷阱的几何形状,湮灭被抑制。对于足够快的流速,我们发现,集群的电荷相同的漩涡聚集成长寿命的偶极流结构。

英文摘要:

We report experimental observations and numerical simulations of the formation, dynamics, and lifetimes of single and multiply charged quantized vortex dipoles in highly oblate dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We nucleate pairs of vortices of opposite charge (vortex dipoles) by forcing superfluid flow around a repulsive gaussian obstacle within the BEC. By controlling the flow velocity we determine the critical velocity for the nucleation of a single vortex dipole, with excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results. We present measurements of vortex dipole dynamics, finding that the vortex cores of opposite charge can exist for many seconds and that annihilation is inhibited in our highly oblate trap geometry. For sufficiently rapid flow velocities we find that clusters of like-charge vortices aggregate into long-lived dipolar flow structures.

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