自组装、模块化和物理复杂性
Self-assembly, modularity and physical complexity
摘要：
我们提出了一个物理复杂性的定量测量，通过自组装建立一个给定的物理结构所需的信息量的基础上。我们的程序可以适用于任何给定的几何形状，从而适用于任何给定类型的物理系统。我们说明了我们的方法使用自组装polyominoes，并通过量化分子和蛋白质复合物的物理复杂性，展示了其潜在的应用范围。这种方法特别适合于检测底层结构的对称性和模块性，并允许对结构模块性进行定量定义。此外，我们使用我们的方法来表明，对称和模块化的结构有利于生物自组装，例如蛋白质复合物。最后，我们还介绍了联合，相互和条件复杂性的概念，它提供了一个有用的物理结构之间的距离度量。
英文摘要：
We present a quantitative measure of physical complexity, based on the amount of information required to build a given physical structure through self-assembly. Our procedure can be adapted to any given geometry, and thus to any given type of physical system. We illustrate our approach using self-assembling polyominoes, and demonstrate the breadth of its potential applications by quantifying the physical complexity of molecules and protein complexes. This measure is particularly well suited for the detection of symmetry and modularity in the underlying structure, and allows for a quantitative definition of structural modularity. Furthermore we use our approach to show that symmetric and modular structures are favoured in biological self-assembly, for example of protein complexes. Lastly, we also introduce the notions of joint, mutual and conditional complexity, which provide a useful distance measure between physical structures.
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