频谱不确定性下的投资与定价：认知算子的观点
Investment and Pricing with Spectrum Uncertainty: A Cognitive Operator's Perspective
摘要：
研究了认知移动虚拟网络运营商（C-MVNO）在频谱供应不确定条件下的最优投资和定价决策问题。与通常通过长期合同租赁频谱的传统MVNO相比，C-MVNO可以通过感知许可频带的空“频谱空洞”和从频谱所有者动态租赁来在短期内动态地获取频谱。因此，C-MVNO可以做出灵活的投资和定价决策，以匹配二级未授权用户的当前需求。与动态频谱租赁相比，频谱感知通常更便宜，但由于主授权用户的随机业务，所获得的有用频谱量是随机的。C-MVNO需要通过评估成本和不确定性之间的权衡来确定频谱感测和租赁的最佳量。C-MVNO还需要确定将频谱出售给二级未授权用户的最优价格，同时考虑用户的无线异构性，例如不同的最大传输功率电平和信道增益。我们建模和分析C-MVNO和二级未经许可的用户之间的互动作为一个Stackelberg游戏。我们展示了网络均衡的几个有趣的性质，包括最优投资和定价决策的阈值结构，最优价格对用户无线特性的独立性，以及保证用户之间的公平和可预测的QoS。我们证明了这些属性适用于一般SNR制度和一般连续分布的传感不确定性。我们表明，频谱感知可以显着提高C-MVNO的预期利润和用户的回报。
英文摘要：
This paper studies the optimal investment and pricing decisions of a cognitive mobile virtual network operator (C-MVNO) under spectrum supply uncertainty. Compared with a traditional MVNO who often leases spectrum via long-term contracts, a C-MVNO can acquire spectrum dynamically in short-term by both sensing the empty "spectrum holes" of licensed bands and dynamically leasing from the spectrum owner. As a result, a C-MVNO can make flexible investment and pricing decisions to match the current demands of the secondary unlicensed users. Compared to dynamic spectrum leasing, spectrum sensing is typically cheaper, but the obtained useful spectrum amount is random due to primary licensed users' stochastic traffic. The C-MVNO needs to determine the optimal amounts of spectrum sensing and leasing by evaluating the trade off between cost and uncertainty. The C-MVNO also needs to determine the optimal price to sell the spectrum to the secondary unlicensed users, taking into account wireless heterogeneity of users such as different maximum transmission power levels and channel gains. We model and analyze the interactions between the C-MVNO and secondary unlicensed users as a Stackelberg game. We show several interesting properties of the network equilibrium, including threshold structures of the optimal investment and pricing decisions, the independence of the optimal price on users' wireless characteristics, and guaranteed fair and predictable QoS among users. We prove that these properties hold for general SNR regime and general continuous distributions of sensing uncertainty. We show that spectrum sensing can significantly improve the C-MVNO's expected profit and users' payoffs.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
