年龄结构种群的频率响应：以太平洋鲑鱼为例
Frequency responses of age-structured populations: Pacific salmon as an example
摘要：
越来越多的证据表明，气候变化对海洋物理条件和鱼类种群的长期变化产生影响，因此更有必要了解随机强迫对海洋种群的影响。群体共振特别令人感兴趣，因为它涉及对环境变化的特定时间尺度的选择性敏感性，包括平均生殖年龄，更重要的是，非常低的频率（即，趋势）。我们提出了一个年龄结构模型的两个太平洋鲑鱼物种的生存率和个体生长率的环境变化，因此产卵年龄分布。我们使用计算的频率响应曲线和分析的线性动力学，以获得两个主要结果。首先，种群的频率响应受变异性影响种群的生活史〈动〉<动>阶段的影响;变化的增长率倾向于激发年龄结构的周期性共振，而变化的生存率倾向于激发低频波动，对总种群规模的影响更大。其次，减少成年人的生存加强了所有频率的群体共振效应，这一发现解决了捕鱼和气候变化将如何相互作用的问题。
英文摘要：
Increasing evidence of the effects of changing climate on physical ocean conditions and long-term changes in fish populations adds to the need to understand the effects of stochastic forcing on marine populations. Cohort resonance is of particular interest because it involves selective sensitivity to specific time scales of environmental variability, including that of mean age of reproduction, and, more importantly, very low frequencies (i.e., trends). We present an age-structured model for two Pacific salmon species with environmental variability in survival rate and in individual growth rate, hence spawning age distribution. We use computed frequency response curves and analysis of the linearized dynamics to obtain two main results. First, the frequency response of the population is affected by the life history stage at which variability affects the population; varying growth rate tends to excite periodic resonance in age structure, while varying survival tends to excite low-frequency fluctuation with more effect on total population size. Second, decreasing adult survival strengthens the cohort resonance effect at all frequencies, a finding that addresses the question of how fishing and climate change will interact.
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