Large extra dimensions are one of the constructions addressing the hierarchy problem of the Standard Model. Their main theoretical and phenomenological challenge is that already predicting LHC effects requires an ultraviolet completion of TeV-scale gravity. In these lecture notes we first give a basic introduction into TeV-scale gravity models and their collider effects and then discuss possible ultraviolet completions, like string theory and fixed-point gravity.
We propose an ultraviolet completion model for pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter with a hidden $\mathrm{U}(1)$ gauge symmetry. Compared to previous studies, this setup is simpler, introducing less interactions. Dark matter scattering off nucleons is highly suppressed by the ultraviolet scale and direct detection constraints can be easily evaded. The kinetic mixing between the hidden $\mathrm{U}(1)$ and the $\mathrm{U}(1)_\mathrm{Y}$ gauge fields would lead to dark matter decays. We find that the current bound on the dark matter lifetime implies that the ultraviolet scale should be higher than…
The Scotogenic model is an economical scenario that generates neutrino masses at the 1-loop level and includes a dark matter candidate. This is achieved by means of an ad-hoc $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, which forbids the tree-level generation of neutrino masses and stabilizes the lightest $\mathbb{Z}_2$-odd state. Neutrino masses are also suppressed by a quartic coupling, usually denoted by $λ_5$. While the smallness of this parameter is natural, it is not explained in the context of the Scotogenic model. We construct an ultraviolet completion of the Scotogenic model that provides a natural expla…
Composite asymmetric dark matter scenarios naturally explain why the dark matter mass density is comparable with the visible matter mass density. Such scenarios generically require some entropy transfer mechanism below the composite scale; otherwise, their late-time cosmology is incompatible with observations. A tiny kinetic mixing between a dark photon and the visible photon is a promising example of the low-energy portal. In this paper, we demonstrate that grand unifications in the dark and the visible sectors explain the origin of the tiny kinetic mixing. We particularly consider an ultravi…
This letter constructs, making use of the on-shell spinor-helicity formalism, a possible ultraviolet completion of gravity following a "bottom-up" approach. The assumptions of locality, unitarity and causality i) require an infinite tower of resonances with increasing spin and quantized mass, ii) introduce a duality relation among crossed scattering channels, and iii) dress all gravitational amplitudes in the Standard Model with a form factor that closely resembles either the Veneziano or the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in string theory. As a consequence of unitarity, the theory predicts leadin…
We highlight how the existence of an ultraviolet completion for interacting Standard-Model type matter puts constraints on the viable microscopic dynamics of asymptotically safe quantum gravity within truncated Renormalization Group flows. A first constraint -- the weak-gravity bound -- is rooted in the destruction of quantum scale-invariance in the matter system by strong quantum-gravity fluctuations. A second constraint arises by linking Planck-scale dynamics to the dynamics at the electroweak scale. Specifically, we delineate how to extract a prediction of the top quark mass from asymptotic…
We study the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term as the leading higher-curvature correction to pure Einstein gravity. Assuming a tree-level ultraviolet completion free of ghosts or tachyons, we prove that the GB term has a nonnegative coefficient in dimensions greater than four. Our result follows from unitarity of the spectral representation for a general ultraviolet completion of the GB term.
Institute for Advanced Study（高等研究院）；Sorbonne Université, CNRS（索邦大学，法国国家科学研究中心）；Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN（比萨高等师范学院和意大利国家核物理研究所）；Academy of Athens, Division of Natural Sciences（雅典科学院自然科学部）；Texas A&M University（德克萨斯农工大学）
It is shown that, $(a Λ^2 + b |H|^2)R$ in a spacetime of curvature $R$ is a natural ultraviolet $(U\!V)$ completion of $(a Λ^4 + b Λ^2 |H|^2)$ in the flat-spacetime Standard Model $(S\!M)$ with Higgs field $H$, $U\!V$ scale $Λ$ and loop factors $a$, $b$. This curvature completion rests on the fact that a $Λ$-mass gauge theory in flat spacetime turns, on the cut-view $R = 4 Λ^2$, into a massless gauge theory in curved spacetime. It provides a symmetry reason for curved spacetime, wherein gravity and matter are both low-energy effective phenomena. Gravity arises correctly if new physics exists w…
We consider a class of composite Higgs models based on asymptotically free $SO(d)$ gauge theories with $d$ odd, with fermions in two irreducible representations, and in which the Higgs field arises as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson and the top quark is partially composite. The Nambu-Goldstone coset containing the Higgs field, or Higgs coset, is either $SU(4)/Sp(4)$ or $SU(5)/SO(5)$, whereas the top partners live in two-index representations of the relevant flavor group ($SU(4)$ or $SU(5)$). In both cases, there is a large number of terms in the most general four-fermion lagrangian describing t…
The CDF and D0 collaborations have observed a forward-backward asymmetry in t-tbar production at large invariant mass in excess of the standard model prediction. One explanation involves a heavy color octet particle with axial vector couplings to quarks (an axigluon). We describe and contrast various aspects of axigluons obtained from the breaking of a chiral SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R gauge theory both from the standpoint of a string-inspired field theory and from a quiver analysis of a local type IIa intersecting brane construction. Special attention is paid to the additional constraints and issues t…
We compute all the tree-level contributions to the Wilson coefficients of the dimension-six Standard-Model effective theory in ultraviolet completions with general scalar, spinor and vector field content and arbitrary interactions. No assumption about the renormalizability of the high-energy theory is made. This provides a complete ultraviolet/infrared dictionary at the classical level, which can be used to study the low-energy implications of any model of interest, and also to look for explicit completions consistent with low-energy data.
When computing radiative corrections in models with compactified extra dimen- sions, one has to sum over the entire tower of Kaluza-Klein excitations inside the loops. The loop corrections generate a difference between the coupling strength of a zero-mode gauge boson and the coupling strength of its Kaluza-Klein excitation, although both originate from the same higher-dimensional gauge interaction. Furthermore, this dis- crepancy will in general depend on the cutoff scale and assumptions about the UV completion of the extra-dimensional theory. In this article, these effects are studied in deta…
We analyze heavy states from generic ultraviolet completions of the Standard Model in a model-independent way and investigate their implications on the low-energy couplings of the electroweak effective theory. We build a general effective Lagrangian, implementing the electroweak symmetry breaking $SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R\to SU(2)_{L+R}$ with a non-linear Nambu-Goldstone realization, which couples the known particles to the heavy states. We generalize the formalism developed in previous works~[1,2] to include colored resonances, both of bosonic and fermionic type. We study bosonic heavy states w…
One-loop Standard Model observables produced by virtual heavy Kaluza-Klein fields play a prominent role in the minimal model of universal extra dimensions. Motivated by this aspect, we integrate out all the Kaluza-Klein heavy modes coming from the Yang-Mills theory set on a spacetime with an arbitrary number, $n$, of compact extra dimensions. After fixing the gauge with respect to the Kaluza-Klein heavy gauge modes in a covariant manner, we calculate a gauge independent effective Lagrangian expansion containing multiple Kaluza-Klein sums that entail a bad divergent behavior. We use the Epstein…
Institut de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universitat de València (UV)（粒子物理研究所（IFIC），西班牙国家科学研究委员会（CSIC）和瓦伦西亚大学（UV））；University of Basel（巴塞尔大学）
We study the effects of custodial symmetry violation in the Georgi-Machacek (GM) model. The GM model adds isospin-triplet scalars to the Standard Model in a way that preserves custodial symmetry at tree level; however, this custodial symmetry has long been known to be violated at the one-loop level by hypercharge interactions. We consider the custodial-symmetric GM model to arise at some high scale as a result of an unspecified ultraviolet completion, and quantify the custodial symmetry violation induced as the model is run down to the weak scale. The measured value of the eletroweak rho param…
Ultraviolet completions for axion-like particles (ALPs) lighter than the neutral pion generically induce ALP-neutral pion mixing, and are therefore sensitive to direct constraints on the mixing angle. For ALPs below the pion mass, we demonstrate that strong and novel bounds on the ALP-pion mixing angle can be extracted from existing rare pion decay data, measured by the PIENU and PIBETA experiments.
In the asymptotic safety paradigm, a quantum field theory reaches a regime with quantum scale invariance in the ultraviolet, which is described by an interacting fixed point of the Renormalization Group. Compelling hints for the viability of asymptotic safety in quantum gravity exist, mainly obtained from applications of the functional Renormalization Group. The impact of asymptotically safe quantum fluctuations of gravity at and beyond the Planck scale could at the same time induce an ultraviolet completion for the Standard Model of particle physics with high predictive power.
We explore whether quantum gravity effects within the asymptotic safety paradigm can provide a predictive ultraviolet completion for Abelian gauge theories. We evaluate the effect of quantum gravity fluctuations on the running couplings in the gauge sector and discover an asymptotically safe fixed point of the Renormalization Group. In particular, if the strength of gravitational interactions remains below a critical strength, the minimal gauge coupling becomes asymptotically free. Further, we point out that a completely asymptotically free dynamics for the gauge field is impossible to achieve…
Quark and lepton mixing in the asymptotically safe Standard Model
Heidelberg University（海德堡大学）；Institut de Physique Théorique Philippe Meyer, Laboratoire de Physique de l’École normale supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité（菲利普·迈耶理论物理研究所，巴黎高等师范学院（ENS）物理实验室，PSL大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学）
We propose a scenario with string theory in the deep ultraviolet, an intermediate asymptotically safe scaling regime for gravity and matter, and the Standard Model in the infrared. This could provide a new perspective to tackle challenges of the two models: For instance, the gravitational Renormalization Group flow could connect a negative microscopic to a positive macroscopic cosmological constant, potentially rendering string theory on an anti-de Sitter background observationally viable. Further, the unitarity of a string-theoretic ultraviolet completion could be inherited by an asymptotical…
