可调谐半导体器件中的马约拉纳费米子
Majorana fermions in a tunable semiconductor device
摘要：
马约拉纳费米子的实验实现是一个重要的问题，由于其非阿贝尔性质和潜在的开发拓扑量子计算。最近，Sau等人[arXiv：0907.2239]证明了支持马约拉纳费米子的拓扑超导相可以使用令人惊讶的传统构建块来实现：半导体量子阱耦合到s波超导体和铁磁绝缘体。在这里，我们提出了一种替代的设置，其中拓扑超导相是通过施加面内磁场到（110）-生长的半导体仅耦合到s-波超导体驱动。该装置提供了许多优点，特别是更简单的架构和跨量子相变调谐到拓扑超导状态的能力，同时仍然在很大程度上避免了不必要的轨道效应。这两种设置的实验可行性进行了详细讨论。
英文摘要：
The experimental realization of Majorana fermions presents an important problem due to their non-Abelian nature and potential exploitation for topological quantum computation. Very recently Sau et al. [arXiv:0907.2239] demonstrated that a topological superconducting phase supporting Majorana fermions can be realized using surprisingly conventional building blocks: a semiconductor quantum well coupled to an s-wave superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator. Here we propose an alternative setup, wherein a topological superconducting phase is driven by applying an in-plane magnetic field to a (110)-grown semiconductor coupled only to an s-wave superconductor. This device offers a number of advantages, notably a simpler architecture and the ability to tune across a quantum phase transition into the topological superconducting state, while still largely avoiding unwanted orbital effects. Experimental feasibility of both setups is discussed in some detail.
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