原子在哈密顿量子棘轮中的定向输运
Directed Transport of Atoms in a Hamiltonian Quantum Ratchet
摘要：
我们证明了量子棘轮的操作中没有耗散过程的观察时间内（哈密顿制度）。将原子铷玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体暴露于锯齿状光晶格势中，其振幅随时间周期性调制。棘轮输运产生于驱动势的时空对称性的破坏，导致输运本征态（Floquet态）的去对称化。测量的原子电流在较长的观察时间内围绕非零固定值振荡，在由光子反冲确定的位置处显示共振，并取决于驱动器的初始相位，为棘轮运输的完整量子特性提供了不同的证据。结果提供了量子马达的原理论证。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate the operation of a quantum ratchet in the absence of dissipative processes within the observation time (Hamiltonian regime). An atomic rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate is exposed to a sawtooth-like optical lattice potential, whose amplitude is periodically modulated in time. The ratchet transport arises from broken spatiotemporal symmetries of the driven potential, resulting in a desymmetrisation of transporting Eigenstates (Floquet states). The measured atomic current oscillates around a non-zero stationary value at longer observation times, shows resonances at positions determined by the photon recoil and depends on the initial phase of the drive, providing different lines of evidence for the full quantum character of the ratchet transport. The results provide a proof of principle demonstration of a quantum motor.
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