孤子分馏过程中的量子纠缠
Quantum entanglement in soliton fractionalisation process
摘要：
在相对论量子力学中，量子态由于其自身的自由度（如自旋和动量）而成为纠缠态。这种特殊的纠缠使转换后的状态变得复杂。本文考虑费米子与标量背景相互作用理论中的分数电荷态。通过Yukawa型相互作用，费米子和标量之间产生了明显的纠缠。然而，自发对称性破缺导致狄拉克方程的$c$数零能解作为纯态出现。在这种相对论系统中的量子纠缠被认为是对聚乙炔等凝聚态系统中的自发对称性破缺的一种微观解释。
英文摘要：
Quantum state, in relativistic quantum mechanics, itself turns out to be an entangled state due to its own degrees freedom such as spin and momentum. This peculiar entanglement leaves the transformed state mixed. We consider the fractional charge state that arises in a theory of fermion interacting with scalar background in this context. The apparent entanglement occurs between fermion ans scalar through Yukawa-type interaction. However, the spontaneous symmetry breaking causes appearance of the $c$-number zero energy solution of the Dirac equation as a pure state. Quantum entanglement in such relativistic system is proposed to have a microscopic view of the spontaneous symmetry breaking which has been realised in condensed matter system like polyacetylene.
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