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arXiv 0911.0747cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechphysics.gen-ph
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普适费米气体的热力学探讨

Exploring the Thermodynamics of a Universal Fermi Gas

Sylvain Nascimbène, Nir Navon, Kaijun Jiang, Frédéric Chevy, Christophe Salomon

摘要:

从沙堆到金属中的电子,现代物理学中最大的挑战之一是理解强相互作用粒子系综的行为。当相互作用达到量子力学所允许的最大有效值,即所谓的幺正极限时,一类量子多体系统(如中子物质和冷费米气体)具有相同的普适热力学性质[1,2]。这样就有可能在原子物理学实验室的高度受控环境中模拟一些天体物理现象。以前对双组分费米气体的热力学研究导致了整个阱的平均热力学量[3-5],这使得它很难与为均匀气体开发的多体理论进行比较。在这里,我们开发了一种通用方法,首次提供了均匀气体的状态方程,以及与现有理论的详细比较[6,14]。我们的状态方程的精确性导致了对幺正气体的新的物理见解。对于非极化的气体,我们证明了低温下强相互作用正相的热力学可以用费米液体理论很好地描述,并对超流相变进行了局域化。对于自旋极化系统,我们在零温度下的状态方程具有2%的精度,并且它将[15]在相图上的工作扩展到新的精度范围。我们特别指出,尽管有很强的相关性,正常相的行为是两种理想气体的混合物:一种是由裸露的大多数原子组成的费米气体,另一种是由修饰的准粒子组成的非相互作用气体,即费米极化子[10,16 -18]。

英文摘要:

From sand piles to electrons in metals, one of the greatest challenges in modern physics is to understand the behavior of an ensemble of strongly interacting particles. A class of quantum many-body systems such as neutron matter and cold Fermi gases share the same universal thermodynamic properties when interactions reach the maximum effective value allowed by quantum mechanics, the so-called unitary limit [1,2]. It is then possible to simulate some astrophysical phenomena inside the highly controlled environment of an atomic physics laboratory. Previous work on the thermodynamics of a two-component Fermi gas led to thermodynamic quantities averaged over the trap [3-5], making it difficult to compare with many-body theories developed for uniform gases. Here we develop a general method that provides for the first time the equation of state of a uniform gas, as well as a detailed comparison with existing theories [6,14]. The precision of our equation of state leads to new physical insights on the unitary gas. For the unpolarized gas, we prove that the low-temperature thermodynamics of the strongly interacting normal phase is well described by Fermi liquid theory and we localize the superfluid transition. For a spin-polarized system, our equation of state at zero temperature has a 2% accuracy and it extends the work of [15] on the phase diagram to a new regime of precision. We show in particular that, despite strong correlations, the normal phase behaves as a mixture of two ideal gases: a Fermi gas of bare majority atoms and a non-interacting gas of dressed quasi-particles, the fermionic polarons [10,16-18].

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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