用485天Borexino数据获得$^{12}$ C核Pauli禁戒跃迁的新实验极限
New experimental limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in $^{12}$C nuclei obtained with 485 days Borexino data
摘要：
用Borexino探测器对$^{12}C$中的核子（$n,p$）进行了泡利不相容原理（PEP）的检验，该方法包括寻找1 $P_{3/2}$ -壳层核子到填充1 $S_{1/2}$-壳层核子的非泡利跃迁中发射的$γ$、$n$、$p$和$β^\pm$。由于Borexino探测器的本底极低和质量大（278 t），已经建立了以下最严格的质子PEP破坏跃迁的最新实验界限：$τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+γ) \geq 5.0\cdot10^{31}$ y，$τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ p) \geq 8.9\cdot10^{29}$ y，$τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+ n) \geq 3.4 \cdot 10^{30}$ y，$τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{N}}}+ e^- + \widetilde{ν_e}) \geq 3.1\cdot 10^{30}$ y和$τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ e^+ + ν_e) \geq 2.1 \cdot 10^{30}$ y，都在90% C. L.相应的上限的搜索非Paulian电磁，强和弱的过渡的相对强度已被估计：$δ^2_γ \leq 2.2\cdot10^{-57}$，$δ^2_{N} \leq 4.1\cdot10^{-60}$和$δ^2_β \leq 2.1\cdot10^{-35}$。
英文摘要：
The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) has been tested for nucleons ($n,p$) in $^{12}C$ with the Borexino detector.The approach consists of a search for $γ$, $n$, $p$ and $β^\pm$ emitted in a non-Paulian transition of 1$P_{3/2}$- shell nucleons to the filled 1$S_{1/2}$ shell in nuclei. Due to the extremely low background and the large mass (278 t) of the Borexino detector, the following most stringent up-to-date experimental bounds on PEP violating transitions of nucleons have been established: $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+γ) \geq 5.0\cdot10^{31}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ p) \geq 8.9\cdot10^{29}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+ n) \geq 3.4 \cdot 10^{30}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{N}}}+ e^- + \widetilde{ν_e}) \geq 3.1\cdot 10^{30}$ y and $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\to{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ e^+ + ν_e) \geq 2.1 \cdot 10^{30}$ y, all at 90% C.L. The corresponding upper limits on the relative strengths for the searched non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong and weak transitions have been estimated: $δ^2_γ \leq 2.2\cdot10^{-57}$, $δ^2_{N} \leq 4.1\cdot10^{-60}$ and $δ^2_β \leq 2.1\cdot10^{-35}$.
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