稠密星团和稀疏星团中的恒星相互作用
Stellar interactions in dense and sparse star clusters
摘要：
恒星碰撞可能会影响猎户座星云团（ONC）中原行星盘的演化。然而，在其他集群环境中遭遇战的作用鲜为人知。我们调查的影响，在不同的集群环境中的干扰引起的磁盘质量损失。从一个ONC样的集群，我们改变集群的大小和密度，以确定碰撞时间尺度和磁盘质量损失的相关性。我们使用NBODY 6 ++代码来模拟这些星团的动力学，并分析星盘相遇的影响。我们发现，光盘的质量损失强烈地依赖于集群的密度，但仍然相当不受恒星星族的大小。模拟的基本结果是：i）即使在比ONC稀疏四倍的集群中，相遇的影响仍然很明显。ii）ONC的密度本身就标志着一个阈值：在密度较低和质量较小的星团中，大质量恒星主导着由辐射引起的盘质量损失，而在密度较高和质量较大的星团中，低质量恒星在盘质量去除中起着主要作用。看来在年轻的致密星团的中心区域--恒星形成的常见地点--恒星相遇确实影响了原行星盘的演化。随着星团密度的增加，低质量的恒星会更多地参与到这个过程中。这一发现允许对极端恒星系统的外推：在拱星团的情况下，人们预计恒星相遇会在几十万年内摧毁大多数低质量和高质量恒星的圆盘，而中等质量恒星即使在这些恶劣的环境条件下也能够保留一些现存的圆盘。
英文摘要：
Stellar encounters potentially affect the evolution of the protoplanetary discs in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). However, the role of encounters in other cluster environments is less known. We investigate the effect of the encounter-induced disc-mass loss in different cluster environments. Starting from an ONC-like cluster we vary the cluster size and density to determine the correlation of collision time scale and disc-mass loss. We use the NBODY6++ code to model the dynamics of these clusters and analyze the effect of star-disc encounters. We find that the disc-mass loss depends strongly on the cluster density but remains rather unaffected by the size of the stellar population. The essential outcome of the simulations are: i) Even in clusters four times sparser than the ONC the effect of encounters is still apparent. ii) The density of the ONC itself marks a threshold: in less dense and less massive clusters it is the massive stars that dominate the encounter-induced disc-mass loss whereas in denser and more massive clusters the low-mass stars play the major role for the disc mass removal. It seems that in the central regions of young dense star clusters -- the common sites of star formation -- stellar encounters do affect the evolution of the protoplanetary discs. With higher cluster density low-mass stars become more heavily involved in this process. This finding allows for the extrapolation towards extreme stellar systems: in case of the Arches cluster one would expect stellar encounters to destroy the discs of most of the low- and high-mass stars in several hundred thousand years, whereas intermediate mass stars are able to retain to some extant their discs even under these harsh environmental conditions.
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