召唤风：强制喷射真菌孢子的流体动力学合作
Summoning the wind: Hydrodynamic cooperation of forcibly ejected fungal spores
摘要：
农作物病原体\emph{Sclerotinia sclerotiorum}的孢子必须通过几厘米的几乎静止的空气喷射到真菌感染的植物的花朵上。由于它们的微观尺寸，单个弹射出的孢子很快就被拖曳而静止。在随附的流体动力学视频中，我们展示了实验和数值模拟，演示了如何通过协调几乎同时喷出数十万个孢子，\emph{Sclerotinia}和其他物种的apothecial真菌能够塑造一个空气流，携带孢子穿过边界层和周围的干预障碍。许多孢子被牺牲以产生这种空气流。尽管粪真菌\emph{Ascobolus}的野生分离株中孢子发射的高速成像显示孢子喷射的同步是自组织的，这可能导致孢子延迟它们的喷射以避免被牺牲，但是模拟和渐近分析显示，关闭子实体，喷射的孢子形成片状射流，随着更多孢子被喷射，该射流穿过子实体前进。通过在片状孢子到达时喷射，使\emph{both}的范围和它们对合作风的贡献最大化。
英文摘要：
The forcibly launched spores of the crop pathogen \emph{Sclerotinia sclerotiorum} must eject through many centimeters of nearly still air to reach the flowers of the plants that the fungus infects. Because of their microscopic size, individually ejected spores are quickly brought to rest by drag. In the accompanying fluid dynamics video we show experimental and numerical simulations that demonstrate how, by coordinating the nearly simultaneous ejection of hundreds of thousands of spores,\emph{Sclerotinia} and other species of apothecial fungus are able to sculpt a flow of air that carries spores across the boundary layer and around intervening obstacles. Many spores are sacrificed to create this flow of air. Although high speed imaging of spore launch in a wild isolate of the dung fungus \emph{Ascobolus} shows that the synchronization of spore ejections is self-organized, which could lead to spores delaying their ejection to avoid being sacrificed, simulations and asymptotic analysis show that, close the fruit body, ejected spores form a sheet-like jet that advances across the fruit body as more spores are ejected. By ejecting on the arrival of the sheet spores maximize \emph{both} their range and their contribution to the cooperative wind.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
