模拟飓风边界层中房屋上方的湍流
Turbulent flow over a house in a simulated hurricane boundary layer
摘要：
每年飓风和其他极端风暴在全世界造成数十亿美元的损失。对于住宅建筑，这样的故障通常与屋顶，看到最大的气动载荷。然而，确定北美房屋不同部分的空气动力学载荷是复杂的，因为缺乏明确的载荷路径和木框架屋顶的非线性载荷分配。这种流体-结构相互作用的问题需要进行风洞试验和全尺寸结构试验。在模拟大气边界层（ABL）中对房屋进行了一系列风洞试验，并将所得的风致压力施加到全尺寸结构上。ABL的模拟流动在开放的国家地形的速度和湍流强度的轮廓，以及光谱，匹配与可用的全尺寸测量这种类型的地形。第一组测量是在整个房子上同时进行600次表面压力测量。表面压力场的一个关键特征是顶板上出现大的、高度非高斯的峰值隆起（吸力）。为了更好地了解是哪些流动特征导致了这种情况，在风洞模型上进行了PIV实验。这些实验用时间分辨PIV（500 Hz的采样率）进行30秒的持续时间。从PIV数据生成的流体动力学视频（低分辨率和高分辨率）中可以清楚地看到，在屋顶的迎风边缘产生了强环流。这些涡流最终沿着屋顶脱落并对流。正是这种集中环流的存在导致了所观察到的峰值负荷。
英文摘要：
Every year hurricanes and other extreme wind storms cause billions of dollars in damage worldwide. For residential construction, such failures are usually associated with roofs, which see the largest aerodynamic loading. However, determining aerodynamic loads on different portions of North American houses is complicated by the lack of clear load paths and non-linear load sharing in wood frame roofs. This problem of fluid-structure interaction requires both wind tunnel testing and full-scale structural testing. A series of wind tunnel tests have been performed on a house in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), with the resulting wind-induced pressures applied to the full-scale structure. The ABL was simulated for flow over open country terrain where both velocity and turbulence intensity profiles, as well as spectra, were matched with available full scale measurements for this type of terrain. The first set of measurements was 600 simultaneous surface pressure measurements over the entire house. A key feature of the surface pressure field is the occurrence of large, highly non-Gaussian, peak uplift (suctions) on the roof. In order to better understand which flow features cause this, PIV experiments were performed on the wind tunnel model. These experiments were performed with time-resolved PIV (sampling rate of 500 Hz) for a duration of 30 seconds. From the fluid dynamics videos (low- and high-resolution) generated from the PIV data it is clear that strong circulation is generated at the windward edge of the roof. These vortices are eventually shed and convect along the roof. It is the presence of this concentrated circulation which is responsible for the peak loading observed.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
