核物理中的射频光电管、光钟与精密测量
Radio Frequency Phototube, Optical Clock and Precise Measurements in Nuclear Physics
摘要：
最近，在JLab建立了一个新的实验计划，使用π介子衰变对轻超核进行新的系统研究（JLab的π介子衰变轻超核研究，JLab实验PR-08-012）。该计划的亮点包括使用高分辨率π介子谱仪HpiS高精度测量超核的结合能。结合能的平均值将在约10 keV或更高的精度内测定。因此，该程序的关键点是以10 E-4或更高的精度对HpiS进行绝对校准。基于连续波激光器的精密光频计量与锁模超快激光器的结合导致了对由锁模激光器产生的可见频谱的精确控制。这种相位控制的锁模激光器形成了光学时钟或飞秒光学频率梳（OFC）发生器的基础，其具有清晰定义的频率的尖锐线的规则梳。这种技术与最近开发的射频（RF）光电管相结合，产生了一种用于精确时间测量的新工具。我们提出了一种新的飞行时间（TOF）系统的基础上，射频光电管和OFC技术。所提出的TOF系统实现了10 fs的不稳定性水平，并为核物理中的精确测量开辟了新的可能性，例如在精度10 E-4 - 10 E-5范围内对磁谱仪进行绝对校准。
英文摘要：
Recently a new experimental program of novel systematic studies of light hypernuclei using pionic decay was established at JLab (Study of Light Hypernuclei by Pionic Decay at JLab, JLab Experiment PR-08-012). The highlights of the proposed program include high precision measurements of binding energies of hypernuclei by using a high resolution pion spectrometer, HpiS. The average values of binding energies will be determined within an accuracy of ~10 keV or better. Therefore, the crucial point of this program is an absolute calibration of the HpiS with accuracy 10E-4 or better. The merging of continuous wave laser-based precision optical-frequency metrology with mode-locked ultrafast lasers has led to precision control of the visible frequency spectrum produced by mode-locked lasers. Such a phase-controlled mode-locked laser forms the foundation of an optical clock or femtosecond optical frequency comb (OFC) generator, with a regular comb of sharp lines with well defined frequencies. Combination of this technique with a recently developed radio frequency (RF) phototube results in a new tool for precision time measurement. We are proposing a new time-of-flight (TOF) system based on an RF phototube and OFC technique. The proposed TOF system achieves 10 fs instability level and opens new possibilities for precise measurements in nuclear physics such as an absolute calibration of magnetic spectrometers within accuracy 10E-4 - 10E-5.
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