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arXiv 0910.2238astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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分子云中的恒星反馈及其对年轻星团质量函数的影响

Stellar Feedback in Molecular Clouds and its Influence on the Mass Function of Young Star Clusters

S. Michael Fall, Mark R. Krumholz, Christopher D. Matzner

摘要:

我们研究如何去除星际物质的恒星反馈限制了恒星形成的分子云的效率,这是如何决定的年轻星团的质量函数的形状。特别是,我们推导出的云和集群的质量函数的幂律指数之间的关系,在限制制度中的反馈是能量驱动和动量驱动,对应于最小和最大的辐射损失,并可能括号所有现实的情况下。我们发现预测和观察到的指数之间的良好协议,特别是动量驱动的反馈,提供的原星团有大致恒定的平均表面密度,如分子云内的恒星形成团块的观测所示。我们还考虑了各种具体的反馈机制,得出的结论是,HII区域膨胀的辐射压力占主导地位的大规模原星团,动量有限的过程中,光子可以逃脱后,只有少数相互作用与尘埃颗粒。然后,我们提出了在这种情况下的恒星形成效率的第一个估计,发现它取决于原星团的质量和大小,只有通过其平均表面密度,从而确保所观察到的云和集群的质量函数的幂律指数之间的一致性。该效率的数值也与观测结果一致。

英文摘要:

We investigate how the removal of interstellar material by stellar feedback limits the efficiency of star formation in molecular clouds and how this determines the shape of the mass function of young star clusters. In particular, we derive relations between the power-law exponents of the mass functions of the clouds and clusters in the limiting regimes in which the feedback is energy-driven and momentum-driven, corresponding to minimum and maximum radiative losses and likely to bracket all realistic cases. We find good agreement between the predicted and observed exponents, especially for momentum-driven feedback, provided the protoclusters have roughly constant mean surface density, as indicated by observations of the star-forming clumps within molecular clouds. We also consider a variety of specific feedback mechanisms, concluding that HII regions inflated by radiation pressure predominate in massive protoclusters, a momentum-limited process when photons can escape after only a few interactions with dust grains. We then present a first estimate of the star formation efficiency in this case, finding that it depends on the masses and sizes of the protoclusters only through their mean surface density, thus ensuring consistency between the observed power-law exponents of the mass functions of the clouds and clusters. The numerical value of this efficiency is also consistent with observations.

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