使用简单的尺寸结构模型理解森林动态和人工林转化
Understanding forest dynamics and plantation transformation using a simple size-structured model
摘要：
对生物多样性和森林生态系统长期稳定的关切导致人们对种植园的态度发生变化。这些人工社区是无处不在的，但提供减少的栖息地价值相比，他们的自然建立的同行，关键因素是高密度，均匀的空间结构，和他们的均匀大小/年龄的性质。转型（操纵人工林生产更像自然林的林分）是森林管理人员面临的一个重大挑战，从同龄林分管理转向不同龄林分管理远非简单。树种的属性也有很大的差异。本研究的目的是确定森林种群动力学的一般方面，以了解从最初的人工林晶格结构的时间演变的单一物种的森林站，到一个“老增长”的状态。这是通过使用大小结构模型来实现的，该模型实现了简单的规则来模拟个体在空间舞台上的成长和命运。我们参数化和讨论模型的行为，在现有的种植园和半自然的数据从苏格兰苏格兰松林的背景下。我们继续说明使用该模型预测造林的结果，并讨论结果的背景下，林分改造。
英文摘要：
Concerns about biodiversity and the long-term stability of forest ecosystems have lead to changing attitudes with respect to plantations. These artificial communities are ubiquitous, yet provide reduced habitat value in comparison to their naturally established counterparts, key factors being high density, homogeneous spatial structure, and their even-sized/aged nature. Transformation (manipulation of plantations to produce stands more reminiscent of natural ones) represents a major challenge for forest managers, and the shift from even- to uneven-aged stand management is far from simple. Tree species' attributes, too, vary dramatically. This study aims to identify generic aspects of forest population dynamics, in order to understand the temporal evolution of single species forest stands from an initial plantation lattice structure, into an ``old-growth'' state. This is achieved using a size-structured model, which implements simple rules to simulate the growth and fate of individuals in a spatial arena. We parameterise and discuss model behaviour in the context of available plantation and semi-natural data from Caledonian Scots Pine stands. We move on to illustrate the use of the model in predicting the outcome of silviculture, and discuss results in the context of stand transformation.
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