光学互相关滤波器：一种识别Ia超新星并估算其红移的经济方法
Optical Cross Correlation Filters: An Economical Approach for Identifying SNe Ia and Estimating their Redshifts
摘要：
对瞬变现象的大型测光调查，如Pan-STARRS和LSST，每年将定位数千至数百万颗Ia型超新星候选者，这一速度阻碍了获取光谱来确定每个候选者的类型和红移。作为回应，我们已经开发出一种经济的方法来确定超新星Ia和它们的红移使用一种不常见的类型的光学过滤器，它有多个，不连续的通带在一个单一的基板上。通过一对专门设计的“互相关滤波器”观测超新星，可以测量光谱和超新星Ia模板之间互相关的近似幅度和相位，这一量通常用于确定高红移超新星Ia的红移和类型。模拟这些过滤器的使用，我们得到了一个样本的超新星Ia这是~98%的纯度与个别红移测量到0.01的精度。这种方法优于标准宽带测光方法的优点是，它对红化不敏感，与用于随后的距离确定的颜色数据无关，这减少了选择或解释偏差，并且因为它利用了光谱特征，所以其可靠性更高。与长缝光谱相比，一个很大的优势来自于增加的吞吐量、增强的多路复用和减少的设置时间，从而导致高达30倍的速度净增益。这种方法对宿主星系的污染也不敏感。原型过滤器的建立，并成功地用于麦哲伦与LDSS-3表征三个SNLS候选人。我们将讨论这些过滤器如何为即将到来的光度超新星调查提供关键信息。
英文摘要：
Large photometric surveys of transient phenomena, such as Pan-STARRS and LSST, will locate thousands to millions of type Ia supernova candidates per year, a rate prohibitive for acquiring spectroscopy to determine each candidate's type and redshift. In response, we have developed an economical approach to identifying SNe Ia and their redshifts using an uncommon type of optical filter which has multiple, discontinuous passbands on a single substrate. Observation of a supernova through a specially designed pair of these `cross-correlation filters' measures the approximate amplitude and phase of the cross-correlation between the spectrum and a SN Ia template, a quantity typically used to determine the redshift and type of a high-redshift SN Ia. Simulating the use of these filters, we obtain a sample of SNe Ia which is ~98% pure with individual redshifts measured to 0.01 precision. The advantages of this approach over standard broadband photometric methods are that it is insensitive to reddening, independent of the color data used for subsequent distance determinations which reduces selection or interpretation bias, and because it makes use of the spectral features its reliability is greater. A great advantage over long-slit spectroscopy comes from increased throughput, enhanced multiplexing and reduced set-up time resulting in a net gain in speed of up to ~30 times. This approach is also insensitive to host galaxy contamination. Prototype filters were built and successfully used on Magellan with LDSS-3 to characterize three SNLS candidates. We discuss how these filters can provide critical information for the upcoming photometric supernova surveys.
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