从太空观测超高能宇宙粒子：超级极端宇宙空间观测任务SEUSO
Observing Ultra High Energy Cosmic Particles from Space: SEUSO, the Super Extreme Universe Space Observatory Mission
摘要：
对超高能宇宙信使的实验性搜索，从$E\sim 10^{19}$ eV到超过$E\sim 10^{20}$ eV，在已知能谱的最末端，构成了探索我们宇宙的一个基本未知方面的非凡机会。关键的科学目标是查明超高能粒子的来源，测量其光谱，研究银河系和局部星系间磁场。超高能粒子也可能携带着未知物理学或早期宇宙遗留下来的奇异粒子的证据。为了应对这一挑战，需要显著增加综合暴露。这意味着一类新的实验，具有更大的接受度和对系统不确定性的良好理解。天基观测台可以达到系统探索超高能宇宙所必需的瞬时孔径和综合曝光。在本文中，在简要总结了任务的科学案例后，我们描述了SEUSO概念的科学目标和要求。然后，我们介绍了SEUSO的观测方法，并描述了主要的仪器和任务特点。最后，我们讨论了特派团的预期业绩。
英文摘要：
The experimental search for ultra high energy cosmic messengers, from $E\sim 10^{19}$ eV to beyond $E\sim 10^{20}$ eV, at the very end of the known energy spectrum, constitutes an extraordinary opportunity to explore a largely unknown aspect of our universe. Key scientific goals are the identification of the sources of ultra high energy particles, the measurement of their spectra and the study of galactic and local intergalactic magnetic fields. Ultra high energy particles might, also, carry evidence of unknown physics or of exotic particles relics of the early universe. To meet this challenge a significant increase in the integrated exposure is required. This implies a new class of experiments with larger acceptances and good understanding of the systematic uncertainties. Space based observatories can reach the instantaneous aperture and the integrated exposure necessary to systematically explore the ultra high energy universe. In this paper, after briefly summarising the science case of the mission, we describe the scientific goals and requirements of the SEUSO concept. We then introduce the SEUSO observational approach and describe the main instrument and mission features. We conclude discussing the expected performance of the mission.
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