恒星模型：确凿的证据、未决问题和未来发展
Stellar models: firm evidence, open questions and future developments
摘要：
在过去的十年里，我们对恒星演化特性的认识有了显著的提高。这一结果的取得要归功于我们对恒星物质在不同恒星质量范围和/或演化阶段的热机制特征中的物理行为的更好理解。尽管如此，目前这一代恒星模型仍然受到几个不可忽视的不确定性的影响，这些不确定性与我们对某些化学过程和核反应速率以及混合过程的效率的知识不足有关。当比较理论与观测时，这些缺点必须被适当地考虑，以推导出分辨和未分辨的恒星星族的演化特性。在本文中，我们回顾了主要的进化阶段的不确定性的主要来源，并强调其对人口合成技术的影响。
英文摘要：
During this last decade our knowledge of the evolutionary properties of stars has significantly improved. This result has been achieved thanks to our improved understanding of the physical behavior of stellar matter in the thermal regimes characteristic of the different stellar mass ranges and/or evolutionary stages. This notwithstanding, the current generation of stellar models is still affected by several, not negligible, uncertainties related to our poor knowledge of some thermodynamical processes and nuclear reaction rates, as well as the efficiency of mixing processes. These drawbacks have to be properly taken into account when comparing theory with observations, to derive evolutionary properties of both resolved and unresolved stellar populations. In this paper we review the major sources of uncertainty along the main evolutionary stages, and emphasize their impact on population synthesis techniques.
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