We derive the equation of state of tracker fields, which are typical examples of freezing quintessence (quintessence with the equation of state approaching toward -1), taking into account of the late-time departure from the tracker solution due to the nonzero density parameter of dark energy $\Omp$. We calculate the equation of state as a function of $\Omp$ for constant $Γ=VV"/(V')^2$ (during matter era) models. The derived equation of state contains a single parameter, $w_{(0)}$, which parametrizes the equation of state during the matter-dominated epoch. We derive observational constraints on $w_{(0)}$ and find that observational data are consistent with the cosmological constant: $-1.11< \wzero< -0.96 (1 σ)$.
Generalizing the Constant-roll Condition in Scalar Inflation
本文推广了最小耦合正则标量场暴胀的常滚条件。特别地,我们假定标量场满足条件$\ddotϕ=α(ϕ) V'(ϕ)$,并在此假定下导出场方程。我们称之为扩展的常量滚动框架。因此,我们计算出通货膨胀指数和相应的通货膨胀观测指数。为了证明暴胀的可行性,我们选择了三种在慢滚动力学背景下有问题的势,即混沌,线性幂律和指数暴胀,并通过为光滑函数$α(ϕ)$选择一个简单的幂律形式,我们表明,在扩展的恒滚框架中,模型与最新的2018年普朗克暴胀约束是兼容的。我们还适当地证明了为什么我们称这个新的框架扩展恒滚框架,我们表明,条件$\ddotϕ=α(ϕ) V'(ϕ)$是等价的条件$\ddotϕ=β(ϕ) H \dotϕ$,后者的条件是一个简单的推广的恒滚条件。最后,我们研究了一个有趣的物理情况,其中一个一般的扩展恒滚标量场模型需要满足的宇宙学跟踪条件中使用的精华模型。在慢滚和普通恒滚情况下,跟踪器条件与慢滚或普通恒滚条件都不兼容,与此相反,扩展的恒滚条件可以与跟踪器条件兼容。这一特点导致了一个新的暴胀现象学框架,我们简要地阐述其基本特征。