椭圆星系：毕竟旋转扭曲
Elliptical galaxies: rotationally distorted, after all
摘要：
在椭圆旋转平面上表示不同的椭球序列。旋转参数被定义为与平均切向赤道速度分量相关的动能与与切向赤道分量速度色散和剩余运动相关的动能之比。具有各向同性应力张量的系统被认为是具有各向异性应力张量、不同角动量和相等剩余参数的对应系统的伴随构型。非平衡图形和虚旋转拉长图形都表示在椭圆旋转平面上。一个应用程序是由一个简化的椭圆星系的样本。在椭圆旋转平面上的样本对象和相关的伴随配置与各向同性应力张量的位置推断，从现有的观测范围内的SAURON项目。除了一个例外，慢旋转体的特征在于低椭圆率、低各向异性参数和低旋转参数，而快旋转体则相反。一个可能的解释慢旋转器作为非旋转的所有和拉长由于负各向异性参数，被利用。最后，椭圆侧的哈勃序列被解释为一个序列的平衡（伴随）的配置，其中的椭圆率是一个递增的函数的旋转参数，慢转子对应于早期类和快速转子晚类。在这种观点中，边界旋转扭曲的角动量和应力张量无关，旋转必须是由于额外的动能的切向赤道速度分量，相对于各向同性应力张量的球形配置。
英文摘要：
Different sequences of ellipsoids are represented on the ellipticity-rotation plane. The rotation parameter is defined as the ratio of kinetic energy related to the mean tangential equatorial velocity component to kinetic energy related to tangential equatorial component velocity dispersion and residual motions. Systems with isotropic stress tensor are considered as adjoint configurations to their counterparts with anisotropic stress tensor, different angular momentum, and equal remaining parameters. Both nonequilibrium figures and figures elongated by imaginary rotation are represented on the ellipticity-rotation plane. An application is made to a reduced sample of elliptical galaxies. The position on the ellipticity-rotation plane of both sample objects and related adjoint configurations with isotropic stress tensor is inferred from existing observations within the SAURON project. With a single exception, slow rotators are characterized by low ellipticities, low anisotropy parameters, and low rotation parameters, while the contrary holds for fast rotators. A possible interpretation of slow rotators as nonrotating at all and elongated due to negative anisotropy parameters, is exploited. Finally, the elliptical side of the Hubble sequence is interpreted as a sequence of equilibrium (adjoint) configurations where the ellipticity is an increasing function of the rotation parameter, slow rotators correspond to early classes and fast rotators to late classes. In this view, boundaries are rotationally distorted regardless of angular momentum and stress tensor, where rotation has to be intended as due to additional kinetic energy of tangential equatorial velocity components, with respect to spherical configurations with isotropic stress tensor.
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