Polymer在拉伸下的脱附:无相共存的一级相变
Polymer desorption under pulling: first order phase transition without phase coexistence
摘要:
我们表明,当一个自避免的聚合物链被拉离粘性表面的力施加到端部段,它经历了一个一阶热力学相变,虽然没有相共存。这一不寻常的功能是证明分析通过一个大正则熵(GCE)的描述吸附的大分子,以及通过蒙特卡罗模拟的非晶格珠弹簧模型的聚合物链。理论处理和计算机实验都可以在等力f统计系综和等高度h系综中进行。我们发现,力辅助解吸经历了一个一阶二分相变,从而吸附和解吸状态之间的相共存不存在。在f系综中,当拉力达到某一临界值f_D时,链与表面接触的比例(序参量)出现剧烈波动。相反,在h系综中,涨落在临界高度h_D处总是有限的。推导出的解析表达式的概率分布的基本结构单元的吸附聚合物,如环,火车和尾巴,在粘合剂的潜力和f或h,提供了一个完整的描述的聚合物的结构和行为时,力辅助分离。此外,人们发现,迄今为止有争议的普遍临界吸附指数的值基本上取决于环吸附链之间的相互作用的程度,因此,可以在0.39 < 0.59的范围内变化。
英文摘要:
We show that when a self-avoiding polymer chain is pulled off a sticky surface by force applied to the end segment, it undergoes a first-order thermodynamic phase transition albeit without phase coexistence. This unusual feature is demonstrated analytically by means of a Grand Canonical Ensemble (GCE) description of adsorbed macromolecules as well as by Monte Carlo simulations of an off-lattice bead-spring model of a polymer chain. Theoretical treatment and computer experiment can be carried out both in the constant-force f statistical ensemble and in the constant-height h ensemble. We find that the force-assisted desorption undergoes a first-order dichotomic phase transition whereby phase coexistence between adsorbed and desorbed states does not exist. In the f-ensemble the order parameter (the fraction of chain contacts with the surface) is characterized by huge fluctuations when the pulling force attains a critical value f_D. In the h-ensemble, in contrast, fluctuations are always finite at the critical height h_D. The derived analytical expressions for the probability distributions of the basic structural units of an adsorbed polymer, such as loops, trains and tails, in terms of the adhesive potential and f or h, provide a full description of the polymer structure and behavior upon force-assisted detachment. In addition, one finds that the hitherto controversial value of the universal critical adsorption exponent ϕdepends essentially on the extent of interaction between the loops adsorbed chain so that ϕmay vary within the limits 0.39 < ϕ< 0.59.
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