时间之谜(Time's Enigma)
Notes on Time's Enigma
摘要:
科学家们仍在努力解开时间之谜。时间是时空的动力学性质还是基本性质?为什么它有一个从过去指向未来的箭头?为什么物理定律在时间反演对称性破缺的宇宙中是时间对称的?这些问题仍然是个谜。人们一直希望,对我们宇宙初始状态选择的理解将解决这些难题,特别是时间之箭。在这篇文章中,我将讨论宇宙如何从多元宇宙中诞生,这有助于揭示时间的本质,以及我们物理定律的时间反演对称性背后的原因。我区分成核宇宙中局部出现的时间箭头和多元宇宙中没有箭头的基本时间。多重宇宙的成核事件打破了时间反演对称性,引发了一个局部涌现的箭头。但是,印在这个泡泡上的物理定律并不是在出生时就被处理的。在我们的宇宙中,时间反演对称的定律是从它在多元宇宙中的诞生继承下来的,因为这些定律起源于无箭头的多元宇宙时间。
英文摘要:
Scientists continue to wrestle with the enigma of time. Is time a dynamic or a fundamental property of spacetime? Why does it have an arrow pointing from past to future? Why are physical laws time-symmetric in a universe with broken time-reversal symmetry? These questions remain a mystery. The hope has been that an understanding of the selection of the initial state for our universe would solve such puzzles, especially that of time's arrow. In this article, I discuss how the birth of the universe from the multiverse helps to unravel the nature of time and the reasons behind the time-reversal symmetry of our physical laws. I make the distinction between a local emerging arrow of time in the nucleating universe and the fundamental time with no arrow in the multiverse. The very event of nucleation of the universe from the multiverse breaks time-reversal symmetry, inducing a locally emergent arrow. But, the laws of physics imprinted on this bubble are not processed at birth. Time-reversal symmetry of laws in our universe is inherited from its birth in the multiverse, since these laws originate from the arrowless multiversal time.
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