岩溶剥蚀速率的历年变化
Past Annual Variations of the Karst Denudation Rates
摘要：
本文采用Shopov等的岩溶岩石溶解度定量理论。Al，（1989，1991 a）根据温度和其他热力学参数重建了过去碳酸盐岩的剥蚀速率。该理论产生了根据温度或沉淀来评估碳酸盐剥蚀速率的方程。我们估计该地区的平均剥蚀速率为14 mm/kyr或38 t/km 2/a。以此为出发点，将年气温和年降水量的代用记录代入岩溶剥蚀速率与降水和气温的关系式中。通过这种方法，我们重建了过去280年来依赖于年降水量和过去1250年来依赖于温度的年岩溶剥蚀速率的变化。这两种重建都对碳酸盐剥蚀的变化产生了相当合理的估计，这在8- 20 mm/kyr（86%的变化）的观测变化范围内。碳酸盐岩剥蚀对降水的依赖性使剥蚀速率产生了79%的变化，其结果是在过去280年中从最干旱到最潮湿的年份重建了300 mm/年的变化。由于碳酸盐溶解度的温度依赖性，碳酸盐剥蚀的温度依赖性仅产生剥蚀速率的9.3%的变化，其结果是4.7 ° C的重建变化。C在过去的1250年，所以它是可以忽略不计的降水依赖。
英文摘要：
We used the quantitative theory of solubility of karst rocks of Shopov et. al, (1989, 1991a) in dependence of the temperature and other thermodynamic parameters to make reconstructions of past carbonate denudation rates. This theory produced equations assessing the carbonate denudation rates in dependence on the temperature or on the precipitation. We estimated the averaged denudation rate in the region to 14 mm/kyr or 38 t/km2 per year. We used this estimate as starting point and substituted our proxy records of the annual temperature and the annual precipitation in the equations of dependence of karst denudation rate on precipitation and temperature. This way we reconstructed variations of the annual karst denudation rate for the last 280 years in dependence on the annual precipitation and for the last 1250 years in dependence on the temperature. Both reconstructions produce quite reasonable estimate of the variations of carbonate denudation, which is within observed variation of 8- 20 mm/kyr (86% variation). Precipitation dependence of carbonate denudation produces 79 % variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 300 mm/yr from the driest to the wettest year during the last 280 years. Temperature dependence of carbonate denudation due to temperature dependence of solubility of the carbonate dioxide produce only 9.3% variation in the denudation rate in result of the reconstructed variation of 4.7 deg. C during the last 1250 years, so it is negligible in respect of the precipitation dependence.
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