We propose a certificate-based single sign-on mechanism in distributed systems. The proposed security protocols and authentication mechanisms are integrated in a middleware. The novelty of our middleware lies on the use of XPCOM components, this way we provide a different services that can be used on every platform where Mozilla is available. The componen based architecture of the implemented services allows using the authentication components separately.
The COVID-19 pandemic has recently emerged as a worldwide health emergency that necessitates coordinated international measures. To contain the virus's spread, governments and health organisations raced to develop vaccines that would lower Covid-19 morbidity, relieve pressure on healthcare systems, and allow economies to open. As a way forward after the COVID-19 vaccination, the Vaccination certificate has been adopted to help the authorities formulate policies by controlling cross-border travelling. To resolve significant privacy concerns and remove the need for relying on third parties to ma…
This work proposes a scalable, blockchain-based platform for the secure sharing of COVID-19 or other disease vaccination certificates. As an indicative use case, we simulate a large-scale deployment by considering the countries of the European Union. The proposed platform is evaluated through extensive simulations in terms of computing resource usage, network response time and bandwidth. Based on the results, the proposed scheme shows satisfactory performance across all major evaluation criteria, suggesting that it can set the pace for real implementations. Vis-à-vis the related work, the prop…
Named Data Networking (NDN) secures network communications by requiring all data packets to be signed when produced. This requirement necessitates efficient and usable mechanisms to handle NDN certificate issuance and revocation, making these supporting mechanisms essential for NDN operations. In this paper, we first investigate and clarify core concepts related to NDN certificates and security design in general, and then present the model of NDN certificate management and its desired properties. We proceed with the design of a specific realization of NDN's certificate management, NDNCERT, eva…
The paper describes two important design flaws in Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP), a protocol widely used in PKI environments for managing digital certificates' credibility in real time. The flaws significantly reduce the security capabilities of the protocol, and can be exploited by a malicious third party to generate forged signed certificate statuses and, in the worst scenario, forged certificates. Description of the flaws, along with expected exploitation routes, consequences for consuming application layer protocols, and proposed countermeasures, is given.
The security of cryptographic communication protocols that use X.509 certificates depends on the correctness of those certificates. This paper proposes a system that helps to ensure the correct operation of an X.509 certification authority and its registration authorities. We achieve this goal by enforcing a policy-defined, multi-party validation and authorization workflow of certificate signing requests. Besides, our system offers full accountability for this workflow for forensic purposes. As a foundation for our implementation, we leverage the distributed ledger and smart contract framework…
Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) with their trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) provide the trust backbone for the Internet: CAs sign certificates which prove the identity of servers, applications, or users. To be trusted by operating systems and browsers, a CA has to undergo lengthy and costly validation processes. Alternatively, trusted CAs can cross-sign other CAs to extend their trust to them. In this paper, we systematically analyze the present and past state of cross-signing in the Web PKI. Our dataset (derived from passive TLS monitors and public CT logs) encompasses more than 7 year…
Privacy-aware processing of personal data on the web of services requires managing a number of issues arising both from the technical and the legal domain. Several approaches have been proposed to matching privacy requirements (on the clients side) and privacy guarantees (on the service provider side). Still, the assurance of effective data protection (when possible) relies on substantial human effort and exposes organizations to significant (non-)compliance risks. In this paper we put forward the idea that a privacy certification scheme producing and managing machine-readable artifacts in the…
Certificate Transparency (CT) requires that every CA-issued TLS certificate must be publicly logged. While a CT log need not be trusted in theory, it relies on the assumption that every client observes and cryptographically verifies the same log. As such, some form of gossip mechanism is needed in practice. Despite CT being adopted by several major browser vendors, no gossip mechanism is widely deployed. We suggest an aggregation-based gossip mechanism that passively observes cryptographic material that CT logs emit in plaintext, aggregating at packet processors (such as routers and switches) …
Classical Acceptance Is Not Hybrid Authentication: Validation Policy and Lifecycle Management of Hybrid X.509 Certificates in Deployed Open-Source Stacks
Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)（韩国电子通信研究院）
The proposed smart contract can prevent seven cyber attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS), Man in the Middle Attack (MITM), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), 51\%, Injection attacks, Routing Attack, and Eclipse attack. The Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm used in this model reduces the number of validators for each transaction which makes it suitable for lightweight applications. The timing complexity of key/certificate validation and signature/certificate revocation processes do not depend on the number of transactions. The comparisons of various timing parameters wi…
