集体减速：朝向紧凑的束流收集器
Collective deceleration: toward a compact beam dump
摘要：
随着激光加速器的不断发展，电子能量已经超过GeV，在不久的将来甚至会更高。传统的基于电离或辐射损失机制的束流收集器笨重、昂贵，且存在放射性危害。本文从集体减速的观点出发，重新讨论了高能带电粒子在物质中的阻止本领，并讨论了与之相关的束流收集问题。电离气体中的集体停止长度可以比固体中的Bethe-Bloch和多重电磁级联的停止长度短几个数量级。同时，由于气体的密度很小，放射性可以忽略不计。这种紧凑且非放射性的束流收集器对于通常由激光尾场加速器产生的短且密集的聚束工作良好。
英文摘要：
With the increasing development of laser accelerators, the electron energy is already beyond GeV and even higher in near future. Conventional beam dump based on ionization or radiation loss mechanism is cumbersome and costly, also has radiological hazards. We revisit the stopping power of high-energy charged particles in matter and discuss the associated problem of beam dump from the point of view of collective deceleration. The collective stopping length in an ionized gas can be several orders of magnitude shorter than the Bethe-Bloch and multiple electromagnetic cascades' stopping length in solid. At the mean time, the tenuous density of the gas makes the radioactivation negligible. Such a compact and non-radioactivating beam dump works well for short and dense bunches, which is typically generated from laser wakefield accelerator.
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