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arXiv 0909.1082astro-ph.CO
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z=4-6时高密度区Lyman Break Galerkin、Lyman Alpha Emitters和Radio Galerkin的恒星质量

Stellar Masses of Lyman Break Galaxies, Lyman Alpha Emitters and Radio Galaxies in Overdense Regions at z=4-6

R. A. Overzier, X. Shu, W. Zheng, A. Rettura, A. Zirm, R. J. Bouwens, H. Ford, G. D. Illingworth, G. K. Miley, B. Venemans, R. L. White

摘要:

我们提出了新的信息,星系附近的发光射电星系和类星体在z= 4,5,6。这些领域以前被发现包含超密度的莱曼Break Galerkin(LBG)或光谱莱曼α发射体。我们使用HST和斯皮策数据来推断恒星质量,并将我们的结果与大天文台起源深度调查(GOODS)探测的更平均环境中的大样本LBG进行对比。获得了以下结果。首先,在z=4-5处的过密区域和场中的LBG在z '-[3.6]与[3.6]的色星等图中处于非常相似的序列上。这被解释为恒星质量的序列(log[M*/Msun] = 9-11),其中星系由于尘埃和年龄而变得越来越红,因为它们的恒星形成率(SFR)增加。第二,这两个射电星系是已知存在于z~4-5的最大质量天体(log[M*/Msun]~11)之一,并且根据25倍大面积GOODS调查估计的此类天体的低数量密度,它们是极其罕见的。我们认为,这些大质量星系和超大质量黑洞的存在是通过气体的快速吸积或在过密区域内的合并而增强的。第三,根据与z=1.2的大质量X射线星团Cl 1252的比较,在z=4的“原星团”TN 1338中发现的总恒星质量占<30% of the stellar mass on the cluster red sequence expected to have formed at z>4。虽然未来的近红外观测应该可以确定目前是否有任何大质量星系被遗漏,但这种质量差异的一个可能解释是TN 1338演化成一个比Cl 1252小的星系团。这就提出了一个有趣的问题:z&gt;4的最大质量的原星团区域是否还没有被发现。

英文摘要:

We present new information on galaxies in the vicinity of luminous radio galaxies and quasars at z=4,5,6. These fields were previously found to contain overdensities of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) or spectroscopic Lyman alpha emitters. We use HST and Spitzer data to infer stellar masses, and contrast our results with large samples of LBGs in more average environments as probed by the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). The following results were obtained. First, LBGs in both overdense regions and in the field at z=4-5 lie on a very similar sequence in a z'-[3.6] versus [3.6] color-magnitude diagram. This is interpreted as a sequence in stellar mass (log[M*/Msun] = 9-11) in which galaxies become increasingly red due to dust and age as their star formation rate (SFR) increases. Second, the two radio galaxies are among the most massive objects (log[M*/Msun]~11) known to exist at z~4-5, and are extremely rare based on the low number density of such objects as estimated from the ~25x larger area GOODS survey. We suggest that the presence of these massive galaxies and supermassive black holes has been boosted through rapid accretion of gas or merging inside overdense regions. Third, the total stellar mass found in the z=4 ``proto-cluster'' TN1338 accounts for <30% of the stellar mass on the cluster red sequence expected to have formed at z>4, based on a comparison with the massive X-ray cluster Cl1252 at z=1.2. Although future near-infrared observations should determine whether any massive galaxies are currently being missed, one possible explanation for this mass difference is that TN1338 evolves into a smaller cluster than Cl1252. This raises the interesting question of whether the most massive protocluster regions at z>4 remain yet to be discovered.

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