物质的渗透压与真空能
Osmotic pressure of matter and vacuum energy
摘要：
包含物质的盒子的壁代表一种膜，允许相对论量子真空通过，但不允许物质通过。这就是为什么盒子里物质的压力可以被认为是渗透压的模拟。然而，我们表明，物质的渗透压是修改由于物质与真空的相互作用。这种相互作用导致盒子内部的非零负真空压力，因此测得的渗透压变得小于物质压力。与卡西米尔效应不同，这种感应真空压力是体积效应，不依赖于盒子的大小。这种效应在盒子的无限体积的热力学极限中占主导地位。类似的效应在3He在液体4He中的稀溶液中也被观察到，其中超流4He扮演非相对论量子真空的角色，而3He原子扮演物质的角色。
英文摘要：
The walls of the box which contains matter represent a membrane that allows the relativistic quantum vacuum to pass but not matter. That is why the pressure of matter in the box may be considered as the analog of the osmotic pressure. However, we demonstrate that the osmotic pressure of matter is modified due to interaction of matter with vacuum. This interaction induces the nonzero negative vacuum pressure inside the box, as a result the measured osmotic pressure becomes smaller than the matter pressure. As distinct from the Casimir effect, this induced vacuum pressure is the bulk effect and does not depend on the size of the box. This effect dominates in the thermodynamic limit of the infinite volume of the box. Analog of this effect has been observed in the dilute solution of 3He in liquid 4He, where the superfluid 4He plays the role of the non-relativistic quantum vacuum, and 3He atoms play the role of matter.
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