囚禁浸没壳层原子的大自旋弛豫率
Large spin relaxation rates in trapped submerged-shell atoms
摘要：
在500 mK附近的温度下，测量了磁囚禁铒和铥原子由于原子-原子碰撞引起的自旋弛豫。Er-Er和Tm-Tm碰撞的速率常数分别为3.0 × 10^-10 cm ^3 s^-1和1.1 × 10^-10 cm ^3 s^-1，比高磁性S态原子的速率常数大2-3个数量级。这是强有力的证据，额外的，占主导地位的，自旋弛豫机制，静电各向异性，在这些“淹没壳层”L > 0原子之间的碰撞。这些大的自旋弛豫速率意味着这些原子在磁阱中的蒸发冷却效率非常低。
英文摘要：
Spin relaxation due to atom-atom collisions is measured for magnetically trapped erbium and thulium atoms at a temperature near 500 mK. The rate constants for Er-Er and Tm-Tm collisions are 3.0 times 10^-10 cm^3 s^-1 and 1.1 times 10^-10 cm^3 s^-1, respectively, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those observed for highly magnetic S-state atoms. This is strong evidence for an additional, dominant, spin relaxation mechanism, electrostatic anisotropy, in collisions between these "submerged-shell" L > 0 atoms. These large spin relaxation rates imply that evaporative cooling of these atoms in a magnetic trap will be highly inefficient.
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