四个东部边界上升流系统的地面混合和生物活动
Surface mixing and biological activity in the four Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems
摘要：
东部边界上升流系统（EBUS）的特点是与大型商业渔业相关的浮游生物的高生产力，从而发挥关键的生物和社会经济作用。本文的目的是利用有限尺度李雅普诺夫指数（FSLEs）对这四个上升流系统的表面搅动及其生物活性进行比较研究。首先，水平混合的空间发布分析从时间平均值和FSLE的概率密度函数。然后，我们研究了地面搅拌的时间变化，重点是年和季节的循环。四个区域的表层水平混合与叶绿素蕴藏量之间存在着全球性的负相关关系。为了更好地理解这种反向关系，我们通过观察Ekman输运和垂直速度来考虑垂直维度。我们建议的浮游植物的子/中尺度湍流的变化响应的可能性，从一个非常富有成效的沿海地区的积极的一个在公海的负面影响。
英文摘要：
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are characterized by a high productivity of plankton associated with large commercial fisheries, thus playing key biological and socio-economical roles. The aim of this work is to make a comparative study of these four upwelling systems focussing on their surface stirring, using the Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLEs), and their biological activity, based on satellite data. First, the spatial distribution of horizontal mixing is analysed from time averages and from probability density functions of FSLEs. Then we studied the temporal variability of surface stirring focussing on the annual and seasonal cycle. There is a global negative correlation between surface horizontal mixing and chlorophyll standing stocks over the four areas. To try to better understand this inverse relationship, we consider the vertical dimension by looking at the Ekman-transport and vertical velocities. We suggest the possibility of a changing response of the phytoplankton to sub/mesoscale turbulence, from a negative effect in the very productive coastal areas to a positive one in the open ocean.
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