Although experiments carried out by Jain et al. showed that the Cooper pairs obey the strong equivalence principle, The measurement of the Cooper pairs inertial mass by Tate et al. revealed an anomalous excess of mass. In the present paper we interpret these experimental results in the framework of an electromagnetic model of dark energy for the superconductors' vacuum. We argue that this physical vacuum is associated with a preferred frame. Ultimately from the conservation of energy for Cooper pairs we derive a model for a variable vacuum speed of light in the superconductors physical vacuum in relation with a possible breaking of the weak equivalence principle for Cooper pairs.
The attractive gravitational force between two electrons in superconductors is deduced from the Eddington-Dirac large number relation, together with Beck and Mackey electromagnetic model of vacuum energy in superconductors. This force is estimated to be weaker than the gravitational attraction between two electrons in the vacuum.
We revisit the cosmological constant problem using the viewpoint that the observed value of dark energy density in the universe actually represents a rather natural value arising as the geometric mean of two vacuum energy densities, one being extremely large and the other one being extremely small. The corresponding mean energy scale is the Planck-Einstein scale l_PE = (l_P l_E)^1/2 = (hbar G/ c^3 Lambda)^1/4 ~ 0.037 mm, a natural scale both for dark energy and the physics of superconductors. We deal with the statistics of quantum fluctuations underlying dark energy in superconductors and cons…
Homogeneous isotropic models built in the framework of the Poincaré gauge theory of gravity (PGTG) based on general expression of gravitational Lagrangian without cosmological constant are analyzed. It is shown that the physical spacetime in the vacuum in the frame of PGTG can have the structure of flat de Sitter spacetime with torsion. Some physical consequences of obtained conclusion are discussed.
The similarity between the energy spectra of relativistic particles and that of quasi-particles in super-conductivity BCS theory makes us conjecture that the relativistic physical vacuum medium as the ground state of the background field is a super fluid medium, and the rest mass of a relativistic particle is like the energy gap of a quasi-particle. This conjecture is strongly supported by the results of our following investigation: a particle moving through the vacuum medium at a speed less than the speed of light in vacuum, though interacting with the vacuum medium, never feels friction forc…
We evaluate the local contribution g_[mu nu]L of coherent matter with lagrangian density L to the vacuum energy density. Focusing on the case of superconductors obeying the Ginzburg-Landau equation, we express the relativistic invariant density L in terms of low-energy quantities containing the pairs density. We discuss under which physical conditions the sign of the local contribution of the collective wave function to the vacuum energy density is positive or negative. Effects of this kind can play an important role in bringing about local changes in the amplitude of gravitational vacuum fluc…
It has been argued by several authors that the space-time curvature observed in gravitational fields, and the same idea of forms of physical equivalence different from the Lorentz group, might emerge from the dynamical properties of the physical flat-space vacuum in a suitable hydrodynamic limit. To explore this idea, one could start by representing the physical vacuum as a Bose condensate of elementary quanta and look for vacuum excitations that, on a coarse grained scale, resemble the Newtonian potential. In this way, it is relatively easy to match the weak-field limit of classical General R…
Viewing Einstein's theory as the gauge theory of Lorentz group, we construct the most general vacuum connections which have vanishing curvature tensor and show that the vacuum space-time can be classified by the knot topology $π_3(S^3)\simeq π_3(S^2)$ of $π_3(SO(3,1))$. With this we obtain the gauge independent vacuum decomposition of Einstein's theory to the vacuum and gauge covariant physical parts. We discuss the physical implications of our result in quantum gravity.
In this article, a developed, manufactured and tested model of a new type generator is presented, which allows to differentiate and predict, with probability close to 1, coasting characteristics of the rotor during its clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation. An explication of the effect on a base of a new interaction, different from four known ones, is provided.
The paper addresses matrix spaces, whose properties and dynamics are determined by Dirac matrices in Riemannian spaces of different dimension and signature. Among all Dirac matrix systems there are such ones, which nontrivial scalar, vector or other tensors cannot be made up from. These Dirac matrix systems are associated with the vacuum state of the matrix space. The simplest vacuum system realization can be ensured using the orthonormal basis in the internal matrix space. This vacuum system realization is not however unique. The case of 7-dimensional Riemannian space of signature 7(-) is con…
As an application of the Cartan invariants obtained using the Karlhede algorithm, we study a simple subclass of the PP-wave spacetimes, the gravitational plane waves. We provide an invariant classification of these spacetimes and then study a few notable subcases: the linearly polarized plane waves, the weak-field circularly polarized waves, and another class of plane waves found by imposing conditions on the set of invariants. As we study these spacetimes we relate the invariant structure (i.e., Cartan scalars) to the physical description of these spacetimes using the geodesic deviation equat…
This article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter could influence the topological properties of space time. The theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior differential forms. The topological features and the dynamics of such exterior differential systems are studied with respect to processes of continuous topological evolution. The theory starts from the sole postulate that field properties of a Physical Vacuum (a continuum) can be defined in terms of a vector space domain, of maximal rank, infinitesimal neighborhoods, that supp…
We present a topologically trivial, non-vacuum solution of the Einstein's field equations in four-dimensions, which is regular everywhere. The metric admits circular closed timelike curves, which appear beyond the null curve, and these timelike curves are linearly stable under linear perturbations. Additionally, the spacetime admits null geodesics curve which are not closed, and the metric is of type D in the Petrov classification scheme. The stress-energy tensor anisotropic fluid satisfy the different energy conditions and a generalization of Equation-of-State parameter of perfect fluid $p=ω\…
This paper considers the structure and physical processes in the transition region at the border between the regions of false and physical vacuums in a cavitation model of the inflationary stage of the Big Bang. It is shown that in the process of the formation of physical vacuum bubbles in a false vacuum, conditions for the formation of a narrow layer filled with matter arise in the transition region, which is the precursor to bridges in the observed large-scale cellular structure of the universe.
We report the existence of an Unruh like effect, for physical observers (cosmological and comoving observers) in the radiation dominated early universe, which is possible due to the discovery of a new vacuum state (referred here as the $T-$vacuum). Both the comoving and the cosmological observers, who are crucial in our understanding of cosmology, observe this $T-$vacuum as a particle excited state and are able to detect radiation due to particle creation. We draw a robust analogy with the Unruh effect, whereby -- (i) the physical observers here are closely analogous to the accelerated (Rindle…
Adiabatic vacuum states are a well-known class of physical states for linear quantum fields on Robertson-Walker spacetimes. We extend the definition of adiabatic vacua to general spacetime manifolds by using the notion of the Sobolev wavefront set. This definition is also applicable to interacting field theories. Hadamard states form a special subclass of the adiabatic vacua. We analyze physical properties of adiabatic vacuum representations of the Klein-Gordon field on globally hyperbolic spacetime manifolds (factoriality, quasiequivalence, local definiteness, Haag duality) and construct them…
Increasing improvements in the independent determinations of the Hubble constant and the age of the universe now seem to indicate that we need a small non-vanishing cosmological constant to make the two independent observations consistent with each other. The cosmological constant can be physically interpreted as due to the vacuum energy of quantized fields. To make the cosmological observations consistent with each other we would need a vacuum energy density, $ ρ_v \sim (10^{-3} eV)^4 $ today ( in the cosmological units $ \hbar=c=k=1 $ ). It is argued in this article that such a vacuum energy…
In the `condensed phase' of effective quantum field theories one expects deviations from exact Lorentz invariance at ultralow momenta | k| < delta where the shell 'delta' should only vanish in the strict local limit of the theory when the ultraviolet cutoff 'Lambda' tends to infinity. I explore this idea for the Higgs condensate suggesting that, in this case, the resulting relation connecting 'delta', 'Lambda' and the Fermi scale might provide a simple physical solution of the `hierarchy problem'. In this picture, the Planck scale is not a purely ultraviolet quantity but embodies in its numeri…
We discuss recent laboratory experiments with rotating superconductors and show that three so far unexplained experimentally observed effects (anomalous acceleration signals, anomalous gyroscope signals, Cooper pair mass excess) can be physically explained in terms of a possible interaction of dark energy with Cooper pairs. Our approach is based on a Ginzburg-Landau-like model of electromagnetic dark energy, where gravitationally active photons obtain mass in the superconductor. We show that this model can account simultaneously for the anomalous acceleration and anomalous gravitomagnetic fiel…
