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arXiv 0908.4477cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
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体硅中压致金刚石-β-锡相变的近精确量子Monte Carlo研究

Pressure-induced diamond to beta-tin transition in bulk silicon: a near-exact quantum Monte Carlo study

Wirawan Purwanto, Henry Krakauer, Shiwei Zhang

摘要:

硅中从金刚石到β-锡的压力诱导结构相变是对理论总能量方法的极好检验。转变压力提供了两相(一个是半导体,另一个是半金属)之间微小相对能量变化的灵敏测量。在实验上,转变压力是很好的特点。密度函数的结果并不令人满意。即使是通常更精确的扩散蒙特卡罗方法也显示出明显的固定节点误差。我们使用最近开发的无相位相干场量子蒙特卡罗(AFQMC)方法来计算在两个阶段的相对能量差。在这种方法中,除了无相约束引起的误差之外,所有的误差都可以被系统地控制并驱动到零。在这两个结构阶段中,我们能够通过对小型超级电池进行精确的无约束AFQMC计算来基准无相位约束的误差。两者之间的比较表明,由于无相约束的绝对总能量的系统误差是在0.5 mHa/原子。与这些内部基准一致,由无相位AFQMC从大型超级单体获得的转变压力与实验非常一致。

英文摘要:

The pressure-induced structural phase transition from diamond to beta-tin in silicon is an excellent test for theoretical total energy methods. The transition pressure provides a sensitive measure of small relative energy changes between the two phases (one a semiconductor and the other a semimetal). Experimentally, the transition pressure is well characterized. Density-functional results have been unsatisfactory. Even the generally much more accurate diffusion Monte Carlo method has shown a noticeable fixed-node error. We use the recently developed phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) method to calculate the relative energy differences in the two phases. In this method, all but the error due to the phaseless constraint can be controlled systematically and driven to zero. In both structural phases we were able to benchmark the error of the phaseless constraint by carrying out exact unconstrained AFQMC calculations for small supercells. Comparison between the two shows that the systematic error in the absolute total energies due to the phaseless constraint is well within 0.5 mHa/atom. Consistent with these internal benchmarks, the transition pressure obtained by the phaseless AFQMC from large supercells is in very good agreement with experiment.

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