电子在核中的穿透及其对四极相互作用的影响
Electron penetration in the nucleus and its effect on the quadrupole interaction
摘要：
原子核与其周围电子分布之间相互作用的级数展开提供了在超精细相互作用研究中众所周知的术语：熟悉的四极相互作用和不太熟悉的十六极相互作用。如果考虑到电子进入原子核的穿透，就会出现对这些多极相互作用的各种修正。最著名的是与同位素位移和异构体位移有关的标量校正。本文讨论了一个相关的张量修正，它修改了四极相互作用，如果电子穿透核：四极位移。我们描述的数学形式主义，并提供第一性原理计算的四极移的一个大的固体。明确考虑有限原子核的完全相对论性计算结果是强制性的。我们的分析表明，四极移变得相当大的重元素。四极相互作用和四极矩比的实验高精度研究的影响进行了讨论。其他小四极子效应的文献综述。
英文摘要：
A series expansion of the interaction between a nucleus and its surrounding electron distribution provides terms that are well-known in the study of hyperfine interactions: the familiar quadrupole interaction and the less familiar hexadecapole interaction. If the penetration of electrons into the nucleus is taken into account, various corrections to these multipole interactions appear. The best known one is a scalar correction related to the isotope shift and the isomer shift. This paper discusses a related tensor correction, which modifies the quadrupole interaction if electrons penetrate the nucleus: the quadrupole shift. We describe the mathematical formalism and provide first-principles calculations of the quadrupole shift for a large set of solids. Fully relativistic calculations that explicitly take a finite nucleus into account turn out to be mandatory. Our analysis shows that the quadrupole shift becomes appreciably large for heavy elements. Implications for experimental high-precision studies of quadrupole interactions and quadrupole moment ratios are discussed. A literature review of other small quadrupole-like effects is presented as well.
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