宇宙射线的正电子分数和电子成分谱分析
Analysis of the Positron Fraction and the Spectrum of the Electronic Component in Cosmic Rays
摘要：
最近，PAMELA、FERMI、HESS和ATIC仪器在高能宇宙射线的正电子与总电子比和总电子分量中发现了有趣的光谱特征。这些观测研究与分析模型的传播宇宙射线从一个离散的源或从一个平滑的分布源延伸到银河系。从这两个源分布的理论预期的光谱之间的对比被认为是最近的研究结果的解释中发挥了至关重要的作用。它表明，正电子与电子的比例，观察到的PAMELA，可以适合在整个能量范围内的嵌套漏盒模型的宇宙线传播，该比例预计将达到一个渐近值$\sim0.6$在高能量在所有传统的宇宙线传播模型。我们还得到了预期的电子和正电子的光谱形状的暗物质在银河系中的湮灭，并表明，峰的光谱形状将提供重要的信息，不仅关于质量的暗物质粒子，而且关于它们的空间分布。用嵌套漏盒模型计算的次级正电子和电子的光谱从电子分量的光谱中减去，以确定从宇宙射线源出现的初级电子的光谱。这个光谱是根据散布在银河体积上的一组离散源的贡献来分析的。我们的分析表明，在宇宙射线中可能存在电子，在高马赫数冲击中加速。
英文摘要：
Recently, the PAMELA, FERMI, HESS, and ATIC instruments have discovered interesting spectral features in the positron to total electron ratio and in the total electronic component of cosmic rays at high energy. These observations are studied with analytical models for the propagation of cosmic rays emanating from a discrete set of sources or from a smooth distribution of sources extending over the Galaxy. The contrast between the theoretically expected spectra from these two source distributions is seen to play a crucial role in the interpretation of the recent findings. It is shown that the positron to electron ratio, observed by PAMELA, may be fit over the entire energy range in the nested leaky-box model for cosmic ray propagation and that the ratio is expected to reach an asymptotic value of $\sim0.6$ at high energies in all conventional models of cosmic ray propagation. We also derive the spectral shape of the electrons and positrons expected from the annihilation of dark matter in the Galaxy and show that the spectral shape of the peak will provide important information, not only regarding the mass of the dark matter particles, but also regarding their spatial distribution. The spectrum of secondary positrons and electrons, calculated with the nested leaky-box model, is subtracted from the spectrum of the electronic component to determine the spectrum of primary electrons emerging from the cosmic ray sources. This spectrum is analyzed in terms of contributions from a set of discrete sources sprinkled across the Galactic volume. Our analysis suggests the possible presence of electrons, accelerated in high Mach number shocks, in the cosmic rays.
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