土星环粒子碰撞行为的微重力实验
Microgravity experiments on the collisional behavior of Saturnian ring particles
摘要：
在本文中，我们提出了两个新的实验方法来研究单个宏观冰体的碰撞行为的结果。这里报告的实验是在抛物线飞行的微重力环境和不来梅落塔设施中进行的。使用低温抛物线飞行装置，我们能够捕获41近中心碰撞的1.5厘米大小的冰球在6和$22 \mathrm{cm s^{-1}}$之间的相对速度。图像序列的分析提供了恢复系数的均匀分布，其平均值为$\overline{\varepsilon} = 0.45$，值的范围从$\varepsilon = 0.06$到0.84。此外，我们设计了一个原型落塔实验，用于在高达100厘米大小的弹丸的集合中进行碰撞，并使用固体玻璃珠进行了第一次实验。我们能够统计分析整个系统的动能的发展，这可以很好地解释，假设一个颗粒状的“流体”遵循哈夫定律与一个常数恢复系数$\varepsilon = 0.64$。我们还可以证明，该装置适用于研究速度为$< 5 \mathrm{mm s^{-1}}$的碰撞，适用于土星致密主环中粒子之间的碰撞。
英文摘要：
In this paper we present results of two novel experimental methods to investigate the collisional behavior of individual macroscopic icy bodies. The experiments reported here were conducted in the microgravity environments of parabolic flights and the Bremen drop tower facility. Using a cryogenic parabolic-flight setup, we were able to capture 41 near-central collisions of 1.5-cm-sized ice spheres at relative velocities between 6 and $22 \mathrm{cm s^{-1}}$. The analysis of the image sequences provides a uniform distribution of coefficients of restitution with a mean value of $\overline{\varepsilon} = 0.45$ and values ranging from $\varepsilon = 0.06$ to 0.84. Additionally, we designed a prototype drop tower experiment for collisions within an ensemble of up to one hundred cm-sized projectiles and performed the first experiments with solid glass beads. We were able to statistically analyze the development of the kinetic energy of the entire system, which can be well explained by assuming a granular `fluid' following Haff's law with a constant coefficient of restitution of $\varepsilon = 0.64$. We could also show that the setup is suitable for studying collisions at velocities of $< 5 \mathrm{mm s^{-1}}$ appropriate for collisions between particles in Saturn's dense main rings.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
