GRS 1915+105的爆发持续时间和占空比
The outburst duration and duty-cycle of GRS 1915+105
摘要：
GRS 1915+105的超长爆发使其成为最引人注目的低质量X射线双星（LMXB）之一。自1992年被发现以来，它一直处于持续爆发的状态，持续时间比更典型的LXMB长100倍。GRS 1915+105的长轨道周期意味着它含有巨大的吸积盘，这能够为其极端的爆发提供燃料。在本文中，我们解决了长寿的爆发和平静阶段的GRS 1915+105使用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）模拟其吸积盘通过许多爆发周期。我们的模型设置在两个阿尔法框架，包括热粘性不稳定性，潮汐扭矩，辐射中心X射线和风质量损失的影响。我们探索模型参数空间，并检查各种成分的影响。我们预测，GRS 1915+105的爆发应该持续至少20年，如果X射线照射非常重要，可能长达100年。预测的重现时间是10^4年的数量级，使得X射线占空比为0.1%。如此低的占空比可能意味着GRS 1915+105在更标准的LMXB中并不是一个异常，而且银河系中可能存在许多类似的，但静止的系统。
英文摘要：
The extraordinarily long outburst of GRS 1915+105 makes it one of the most remarkable low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). It has been in a state of constant outburst since its discovery in 1992, an eruption which has persisted ~100 times longer than those of more typical LXMBs. The long orbital period of GRS 1915+105 implies that it contains large and massive accretion disc which is able to fuel its extreme outburst. In this paper, we address the longevity of the outburst and quiescence phases of GRS 1915+105 using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of its accretion disc through many outburst cycles. Our model is set in the two-alpha framework and includes the effects of the thermo-viscous instability, tidal torques, irradiation by central X-rays and wind mass loss. We explore the model parameter space and the examine the impact of the various ingredients. We predict that the outburst of GRS 1915+105 should last a minimum of 20 years and possibly up to ~100 years if X-ray irradiation is very significant. The predicted recurrence times are of the order of 10^4 years, making the X-ray duty cycle a few 0.1%. Such a low duty cycle may mean that GRS 1915+105 is not an anomaly among the more standard LMXBs and that many similar, but quiescent, systems could be present in the Galaxy.
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