Nuzzer：一种大规模无设备无线环境被动定位系统
Nuzzer: A Large-Scale Device-Free Passive Localization System for Wireless Environments
摘要：
无线局域网和移动设备的广泛使用促进了对用于无线环境的定位系统的兴趣。在基于无线的定位系统的背景下的大多数研究集中在基于设备的主动定位，其中设备被附接到被跟踪的实体。最近，已经提出了无设备被动定位（DfP），其中被跟踪实体既不需要携带设备也不需要主动参与定位过程。DfP系统基于RF信号会受到环境中人员和物体的影响这一事实。DfP概念支持广泛的应用，包括入侵检测和跟踪、边界保护和智能楼宇自动化。以前的研究主要集中在具有直接视线和/或受控环境的小区域。在本文中，我们提出的设计，实现和分析Nuzzer，一个大规模的无设备的被动定位系统的真实环境。在没有任何额外硬件的情况下，它利用已经安装的无线数据网在一个或多个监测点监测和处理从接入点发送的接收信号强度（RSS）的变化。我们提出了概率技术DfP定位和评估其性能在一个典型的办公楼，丰富的多路径，面积为1500平方米。我们的研究结果表明，Nuzzer系统仅使用两台监控笔记本电脑和三个接入点，即可提供无设备位置估计，中值距离误差小于2米。这表明Nuzzer适用于大量的应用领域。
英文摘要：
The widespread usage of wireless local area networks and mobile devices has fostered the interest in localization systems for wireless environments. The majority of research in the context of wireless-based localization systems has focused on device-based active localization, in which a device is attached to tracked entities. Recently, device-free passive localization (DfP) has been proposed where the tracked entity is neither required to carry devices nor participate actively in the localization process. DfP systems are based on the fact that RF signals are affected by the presence of people and objects in the environment. The DfP concept enables a wide range of applications including intrusion detection and tracking, border protection, and smart buildings automation. Previous studies have focused on small areas with direct line of sight and/or controlled environments. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and analysis of Nuzzer, a large-scale device-free passive localization system for real environments. Without any additional hardware, it makes use of the already installed wireless data networks to monitor and process changes in the received signal strength (RSS) transmitted from access points at one or more monitoring points. We present probabilistic techniques for DfP localization and evaluate their performance in a typical office building, rich in multipath, with an area of 1500 square meters. Our results show that the Nuzzer system gives device-free location estimates with less than 2 meters median distance error using only two monitoring laptops and three access points. This indicates the suitability of Nuzzer to a large number of application domains.
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