同时测量介电常数和电阻率的感应探头设计
Design Of An Induction Probe For Simultaneous Measurements Of Permittivity And Resistivity
摘要：
在本文中，我们提出了一个理论设计的讨论，并走向发展和工程的电感探针的电学光谱，进行同时和非侵入性测量的电阻率ρ和介电常数εr的非饱和地面和混凝土（ESPER探头）。为了设计在低频（LF）（B= 100 kHz）频带内测量ρ和εr的不精确度低于预定限值（10%）的示波器，探头应连接到适当的模数转换器（ADC），其以均匀或相位和正交（IQ）模式进行采样，否则连接到锁定放大器。本文仅使用Mathcad开发了适当数量的数值模拟，该数值模拟提供了工作频率、电极-电极距离和离地高度的优化，从而最大限度地减少了与陆地土壤或混凝土进行电流或电容接触时低电阻率或高电阻率的接地电阻器的不准确性。作为仿真结果，我们强调，锁定放大器的性能是更好的，即使相比IQ采样ADC具有高分辨率，在相同的工作条件下。在实际应用中的结果是：如果探头连接到数据采集系统（DAS）作为统一或IQ采样器，那么它可以商业化的建筑和道路铺设公司，可用于分析“原位”只有混凝土;否则，如果DAS是锁定放大器，则营销将针对地球物理勘探公司，参与分析“原位”甚至陆地土壤。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we propose a discussion of the theoretical design and move towards the development and engineering of an induction probe for electrical spectroscopy which performs simultaneous and non invasive measurements on the electrical RESistivity ρand dielectric PERmittivity εr of non-saturated terrestrial ground and concretes (RESPER probe). In order to design a RESPER which measures ρand εr with inaccuracies below a prefixed limit (10%) in a band of low frequencies (LF) (B=100kHz), the probe should be connected to an appropriate analogical digital converter (ADC), which samples in uniform or in phase and quadrature (IQ) mode, otherwise to a lock-in amplifier. The paper develops only a suitable number of numerical simulations, using Mathcad, which provide the working frequencies, the electrode-electrode distance and the optimization of the height above ground minimizing the inaccuracies of the RESPER, in galvanic or capacitive contact with terrestrial soils or concretes, of low or high resistivity. As findings of simulations, we underline that the performances of a lock-in amplifier are preferable even when compared to an IQ sampling ADC with high resolution, under the same operating conditions. As consequences in the practical applications: if the probe is connected to a data acquisition system (DAS) as an uniform or an IQ sampler, then it could be commercialized for companies of building and road paving, being employable for analyzing "in situ" only concretes; otherwise, if the DAS is a lock-in amplifier, the marketing would be for companies of geophysical prospecting, involved to analyze "in situ" even terrestrial soils.
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