作为量子场棘轮的非对称长约瑟夫森结
Asymmetric long Josephson junction acting as a ratchet for a quantum field
摘要：
研究了临界电流密度空间非均匀的长约瑟夫森结中磁通量子的逃逸率。我们表明，这样的结可以表现为量子棘轮时，它是由一个交流电流在磁场的存在下驱动。整流引起结两端直流电压的开始。通常的类粒子隧穿方法不能描述这种整流，需要用量子场论来描述。我们还表明，在一定的条件下，整流方向，因此直流电压，可以改变其符号时，改变温度附近的量子和经典制度之间的交叉温度。
英文摘要：
We study the escape rate of flux quanta in a long Josephson junction having an asymmetric spatial inhomogeneous critical current density. We show that such a junction can behave as a quantum ratchet when it is driven by an ac current in the presence of a magnetic field. The rectification gives rise to an onset of the dc voltage across the junction. The usual approach of particle-like tunneling cannot describe this rectification, and a quantum field theory description is required. We also show that under definite conditions the rectification direction and, consequently the dc voltage, can change its sign when varying the temperature near the crossover temperature between the quantum and classical regimes.
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