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arXiv 0907.5478cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.soft
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非平衡稳态中的涨落耗散定理

Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Nonequilibrium Steady States

Udo Seifert, Thomas Speck

摘要:

在平衡状态下,涨落耗散定理(FDT)通过一个变量与另一个变量的关联函数来表达一个可观测量对一个小扰动的响应,该相关函数与关于\emph{energy}的扰动共轭。对于一个非平衡稳态(NESS),相应的FDT涉及的关联函数的变量是共轭相对于\emph{entropy}。通过分裂成一个系统和一个介质的熵产生,它表明,对于一个真正的平衡态的系统的FDT的NESS不同于其平衡形式的添加剂项涉及\emph{total}熵产生。FDT的一个相关的变体,不需要明确的知识的平稳状态是特别有用的耦合朗之万系统。\emph{a priori}令人惊讶的自由显然涉及不同形式的FDT在一个NESS澄清。

英文摘要:

In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) expresses the response of an observable to a small perturbation by a correlation function of this variable with another one that is conjugate to the perturbation with respect to \emph{energy}. For a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS), the corresponding FDT is shown to involve in the correlation function a variable that is conjugate with respect to \emph{entropy}. By splitting up entropy production into one of the system and one of the medium, it is shown that for systems with a genuine equilibrium state the FDT of the NESS differs from its equilibrium form by an additive term involving \emph{total} entropy production. A related variant of the FDT not requiring explicit knowledge of the stationary state is particularly useful for coupled Langevin systems. The \emph{a priori} surprising freedom apparently involved in different forms of the FDT in a NESS is clarified.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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