大弗劳德数下涡环折射
Vortex ring refraction at large Froude numbers
摘要：
我们已经实验研究了一个最初的平面轴对称涡环的影响，在一个倾斜的角度入射，在重力引起的界面分离两种不同密度的流体。碰撞后，涡环被发现表现出各种后续的轨迹，我们组织根据入射角，$θ_i$，和界面强度，定义为阿特伍德和弗劳德数，$A/F$的比率。对于掠入射角（$θ_i \gtrsim 70$ deg.）涡流从界面穿透或反射，这取决于界面是弱还是强。在某些情况下，反射涡流在最终解体之前执行阻尼振荡。对于较小的入射角（$θ_i \lesssim 70$ deg.）涡流穿透界面。当有一个强界面时，观察到这些旋涡弯曲回界面。当存在弱界面时，观察到这些涡旋向下运动，远离界面。临界界面强度由$\log_{10}{(A/F)}= -2.38 \pm 0.05$给出，低于临界界面强度时观察到涡环折射。
英文摘要：
We have experimentally studied the impact of an initially planar axisymmetric vortex ring, incident at an oblique angle, upon a gravity-induced interface separating two fluids of differing densities. After impact, the vortex ring was found to exhibit a variety of subsequent trajectories, which we organize according to both the incidence angle, $θ_i$, and the interface strength, defined as the ratio of the Atwood and Froude numbers, $A/F$. For grazing incidence angles ($θ_i \gtrsim 70$ deg.) vortices either penetrate or reflect from the interface, depending on whether the interface is weak or strong. In some cases, reflected vortices execute damped oscillations before finally disintegrating. For smaller incidence angles ($θ_i \lesssim 70$ deg.) vortices penetrate the interface. When there is a strong interface, these vortices are observed to curve back up toward the interface. When there is a weak interface, these vortices are observed to refract downward, away from the interface. The critical interface strength below which vortex ring refraction is observed is given by $\log_{10}{(A/F)}= -2.38 \pm 0.05$.
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