双色夸克物质：U（1）_A恢复、超流性和夸克相
Two-color quark matter: U(1)_A restoration, superfluidity, and quarkyonic phase
摘要：
讨论了具有两种颜色和两种味道的轻夸克的量子色动力学（QCD）的相结构。（1）QCD临界点的寻找一直存在着激烈的争论，它的位置和存在性受到有效U（1）A对称性恢复的不确定性的影响。(2)一种称为夸克物质的新相引起了理论和实验的关注，但尚不清楚它是否能与双夸克凝聚共存。我们指出，双色QCD是一个非平凡的系统，包含了（1）和（2）的基本成分，最重要的是，它是一个在格子上数值模拟时没有符号问题的系统。我们采用双色Polyakov环扩展的双味Nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型，并进行了定量预测，这些预测可以通过晶格模拟进行检验。
英文摘要：
We discuss the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with two colors and two flavors of light quarks. This is motivated by the increasing interest in the QCD phase diagram as follows: (1) The QCD critical point search has been under intensive dispute and its location and existence suffer from uncertainty of effective U(1)_A symmetry restoration. (2) A new phase called quarkyonic matter is drawing theoretical and experimental attention but it is not clear whether it can coexist with diquark condensation. We point out that two-color QCD is nontrivial enough to contain essential ingredients for (1) and (2) both, and most importantly, is a system without the sign problem in numerical simulations on the lattice. We adopt the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model extended with the two-color Polyakov loop and make quantitative predictions which can be tested by lattice simulations.
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