关于霍姆斯特克大型探测器深度要求的报告
Report on the Depth Requirements for a Massive Detector at Homestake
摘要：
这份报告提供了在美国深地下科学与工程实验室地下放置大型探测器的技术依据。基准质量在百万吨级的大型探测器很可能是一个多用途设施。这种装置的主要物理理由是探测加速器产生的中微子，核子衰变和中微子的自然来源，如太阳，大气和超新星中微子。除了物理论证外，还有关于Homestake现有基础设施和Homestake岩层应力特性的实际问题。水切伦科夫和液氩探测器技术的深度要求与各种物理过程的报告。虽然其中一些物理过程可以在较浅的深度进行充分研究，但它们都不需要大于4300 mwe的深度，这相当于Homestake的4850 ft水平。非常重要的是要注意，计划中的探测器的规模是这样的，即使对于加速器中微子探测（允许使用加速器占空因数来消除宇宙），也需要最小的深度来降低宇宙射线污染的风险。在考虑了有关Homestake场地的科学和实际问题后，我们强烈建议及时在4850英尺高度开始岩土工程研究。
英文摘要：
This report provides the technical justification for locating a large detector underground in a US based Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory. A large detector with a fiducial mass in the mega-ton scale will most likely be a multipurpose facility. The main physics justification for such a device is detection of accelerator generated neutrinos, nucleon decay, and natural sources of neutrinos such as solar, atmospheric and supernova neutrinos. In addition to the physics justification there are practical issues regarding the existing infrastructure at Homestake, and the stress characteristics of the Homestake rock formations. The depth requirements associated with the various physics processes are reported for water Cherenkov and liquid argon detector technologies. While some of these physics processes can be adequately studied at shallower depths, none of them require a depth greater than 4300 mwe which corresponds to the 4850 ft level at Homestake. It is very important to note that the scale of the planned detector is such that even for accelerator neutrino detection (which allows one to use the accelerator duty factor to eliminate cosmics) a minimum depth is needed to reduce risk of contamination from cosmic rays. After consideration of the science and the practical issues regarding the Homestake site, we strongly recommend that the geotechnical studies be commenced at the 4850ft level in a timely manner.
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