FIR-射电相关的物理学：I。量热法、阴谋和影响
The Physics of the FIR-Radio Correlation: I. Calorimetry, Conspiracy, and Implications
摘要：
恒星形成星系的远红外（FIR）和射电光度在恒星形成率的很宽范围内是线性相关的，从像银河系这样的正常螺旋到最强烈的恒星爆发。使用宇宙射线（CR）的注入，冷却和逃逸的恒星形成星系的单区模型，我们试图重现所观察到的FIR无线电相关在其整个跨度。我们表明，~2%的动能从超新星爆炸必须进入初级CR电子和10 - 20%必须进入初级CR质子。在致密的星暴星系中，次级电子和正电子可能与初级电子相当，或者占主导地位。我们讨论了我们的模型的影响，星暴的磁场强度，由费米星暴的可探测性，和宇宙射线反馈。总的来说，我们的模型表明，CR质子和电子都从低表面密度星系中逃逸，但在逃离密集的星暴之前失去了大部分能量。FIR-Radio相关性是由星暴中CR电子的有效冷却（量热法）和几个因素的阴谋组合造成的。对于较低的表面密度星系，减少的无线电辐射所造成的CR逃逸是平衡的减少FIR辐射所造成的低有效的UV尘埃不透明度。在星暴中，韧致辐射、电离和逆康普顿冷却会减少射电辐射，但它们会被次级电子/正电子和降低的临界同步加速器频率抵消，这两者都会增加射电辐射。我们的结论适用于我们的基准模型的广泛变化。
英文摘要：
(Abridged) The far-infrared (FIR) and radio luminosities of star-forming galaxies are linearly correlated over a very wide range in star formation rate, from normal spirals like the Milky Way to the most intense starbursts. Using one-zone models of cosmic ray (CR) injection, cooling, and escape in star-forming galaxies, we attempt to reproduce the observed FIR-radio correlation over its entire span. We show that ~2% of the kinetic energy from supernova explosions must go into primary CR electrons and that ~10 - 20% must go into primary CR protons. Secondary electrons and positrons are likely comparable to or dominate primary electrons in dense starburst galaxies. We discuss the implications of our models for the magnetic field strengths of starbursts, the detectability of starbursts by Fermi, and cosmic ray feedback. Overall, our models indicate that both CR protons and electrons escape from low surface density galaxies, but lose most of their energy before escaping dense starbursts. The FIR-radio correlation is caused by a combination of the efficient cooling of CR electrons (calorimetry) in starbursts and a conspiracy of several factors. For lower surface density galaxies, the decreasing radio emission caused by CR escape is balanced by the decreasing FIR emission caused by the low effective UV dust opacity. In starbursts, bremsstrahlung, ionization, and Inverse Compton cooling decrease the radio emission, but they are countered by secondary electrons/positrons and the decreasing critical synchrotron frequency, which both increase the radio emission. Our conclusions hold for a broad range of variations on our fiducial model.
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