E_{lab} =（1- 160）A GeV重离子碰撞中的椭圆流和耗散
Elliptic Flow and Dissipation in Heavy-Ion Collisions at E_{lab} = (1--160)A GeV
摘要：
在3-流体动力学（3FD）模型下分析了入射能量为$E_{lab}\simeq$（1- 160）AGeV的重离子碰撞中的椭圆流.我们发现，一个简单的校正因子，考虑到耗散的影响，使我们能够调整3FD的结果，实验数据。这种单参数拟合结果在一个很好的再现椭圆流作为入射能量，碰撞和速度的中心性的函数。π偏心率标度椭圆流与单位横截面上带电强子多重数密度的实验标度也被合理地描述。从克努森数的值，推导出从这个拟合，我们估计的上限的剪切粘度熵比为$η/s \sim 1-2$在SPS入射能量。该值为在水和液氮中观察到的最小$η/s$。
英文摘要：
Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies $E_{lab}\simeq$ (1--160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). We show that a simple correction factor, taking into account dissipative affects, allows us to adjust the 3FD results to experimental data. This single-parameter fit results in a good reproduction of the elliptic flow as a function of the incident energy, centrality of the collision and rapidity. The experimental scaling of pion eccentricity-scaled elliptic flow versus charged-hadron-multiplicity density per unit transverse area turns out to be also reasonably described. Proceeding from values of the Knudsen number, deduced from this fit, we estimate the upper limit the shear viscosity-to-entropy ratio as $η/s \sim 1-2$ at the SPS incident energies. This value is of the order of minimal $η/s$ observed in water and liquid nitrogen.
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